Water Quality Information
Center of
the National Agricultural Library
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Evaluation of Best Agricultural Management Practices (II)
1990 - SEPTEMBER 1995
141 citations from AGRICOLA
by
Diane Doyle
Water Quality Information Center
**************************************************************
This electronic bibliography is intended primarily to provide
awareness of recent investigations and discussions of a topic and
is not intended to be in-depth and exhaustive. The inclusion or
omission of a particular publication or citation should not be
construed as endorsement or disapproval.
Send suggestions for electronic bibliographies related to water
resources and agriculture to wqic@nalusda.gov
To locate a publication cited in this bibliography, please
contact your local, state, or university library. If you are
unable to locate a particular publication, your library can
contact the National Agricultural Library (please see "Document
Delivery Services" at
http://www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb).
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EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (II)
1. Adoption of nitrogen and water management practices to improve
water quality.
Supalla, R. J.; Selley, R. A.; Bredeweg, S.; Watts, D.
J-soil-water-conserv v.50, p.77-82. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; irrigated-stands; nitrogen-;
crop-management; nitrogen- fertilizers; application-to-land;
water-management; nitrate-; leaching- ; losses-from-soil;
groundwater-pollution; water-quality; farmers'- attitudes;
environmental-protection; nebraska-; nitrogen-management
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822
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2. Agricultural use of organic amendments: a historical
perspective.
Parr, J. F.; Hornick, S. B.
Am-J-Alternative-Agric v.7, p.181-189. (1992).
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic-fertilizers; history-; erosion-;
composting-; soil-organic- matter; sewage-sludge; solid-wastes;
soil-fertility
Abstract: Agricultural research conducted in the United States
since establishment of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and
Land-Grant University System in 1862 has shown that regular and
proper additions of organic materials are very important for
maintaining the tilth, fertility, and productivity of
agricultural soils, protecting them from wind and water erosion,
and preventing nutrient losses by runoff and leaching. Several
millennia earlier, Roman agriculturists were advocating crop
rotations, green manuring, composts, legumes, farmyard manures,
crop residues, wood ashes, seaweed, and sewage wastes for
supplying humus and nutrients to restore or enhance soil
productivity. Even earlier, Asian farmers also used these
practices to maintain healthy and productive soils. Today the
most serious problem in U.S. agriculture and agriculture
worldwide is the widespread degradation of agricultural soils
through erosion and the consequential decline in productivity.
In view of how much information is available on the benefits of
organic recycling on agricultural lands, one wonders why we
aren't doing a better job of protecting and conserving our land
resource base. We discuss strategies for using organic resources
more effectively to achieve a more sustainable agriculture for
the future.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
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3. Agriculture and water quality in the Great Plains: status and
recommendations.
Misc-publ,-Tex-Agric-Exp-Stn. College Station, Tex. : Texas
Agricultural Experiment Station. Mar 1992. (1738) 34 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: water-quality; agricultural-chemicals;
water-pollution; groundwater- ; surface-water; irrigation-;
livestock-farming; conservation-tillage; agricultural-planning;
state-government; federal-government; agricultural-research;
agricultural-policy; legislation-; agricultural- regions;
northern-plains-states-of-usa; southern-plains-states-of-usa;
mountain-states-of-usa
NAL Call No.: 100-T31M
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4. Analysis of on-farm best management practices in the
Everglades Agricultural Area.
Willis, L. M.; Forrest, S. B.; Nissen, J. A.; Hiscock, J. G.;
Kirby, P. V.
Environmentally sound agriculture proceedings of the second
conference 20-22 April 1994 / p.93-99. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: marshes-; environmental-protection;
agricultural-land; management-; cost-effectiveness-analysis;
phosphorus-; discharge-; water-flow; water- quality;
improvement-; sustainability-; florida-; nutrient-loadings
NAL Call No.: S589.7.E57-1994
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5. Animal waste system management in Southwest Missouri.
Feistner, J.
Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of
Agricultural Engineers,. Winter 1991. (914570) 10 p.
Paper presented at the "1991 International Winter Meeting
sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,"
December 17-20, 1991, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: animal-manures; animal-wastes; water-quality;
environmental-impact; missouri-
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P
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6. Application of GLEAMS to predict nutrient losses from land
application of poultry litter.
Yoon, K. S.; Yoo, K. H.; Wood, C. W.; Hall, B. M.
Trans-ASAE v.37, p.453-459. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry-manure; runoff-; nitrogen-; phosphorus-;
water-quality; simulation-models; alabama-;
groundwater-loading-effects-of-agricul; -manage; -systems
Abstract: The GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural
Management System) (version 2.1) water quality model was used to
predict nutrient (N and P) losses in surface and subsurface
runoff, and their concentrations in soil layers, following
application of two rates (9 and 18 t ha-1) of poultry litter and
a recommended rate of a commercial fertilizer on conventionally
tilled corn plots at the Tennessee Valley Substation of the
Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. Model simulation
results were compared with field data. The experiment included
four replications for each of the three soil-amendment
treatments. The GLEAMS simulation of soluble and sediment P
losses in surface runoff and NO3-N concentrations in leachate
and soil layers were not consistent with field data. Simulation
of N-transformation effects on N losses in surface runoff did
not agree with field data. The model simulated higher NH4-N than
NO3-N losses in surface runoff, while field data showed the
opposite. The model simulated low concentrations of P in
leachate at a 1.0 m depth, while the observed data showed large
variations.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
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7. Assessing phosphorus bioavailability in agricultural soils and
runoff.
Sharpley, A. N.
Fertil-res. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1993. v. 36
(3) p. 259-272.
Includes references.
Descriptors: phosphorus-; bioavailability-; estimation-;
agricultural-soils; runoff-; analytical-methods; iron-oxides;
water-quality; eutrophication- ; risk-; no-tillage-; tillage-;
watershed-management; algae-; nutrient- availability;
conventional-tillage; iron-oxide-strips
Abstract: Bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) transported in
agricultural runoff can accelerate surface water eutrophication.
Although several algal assays and chemical extractions have been
proposed to estimate BAP, procedural and theoretical limitations
have restricted widespread BAP measurement. Thus, a routine
method was developed to estimate BAP, which uses iron
oxide-impregnated paper strips (Fe-oxide strips) as a P- sink for
BAP in runoff. In the proposed method BAP is determined by
shaking 50 mL of unfiltered runoff with one Fe-oxide strip for 16
h. Phosphorus is removed from the strip by 0.1 M H2SO4 and
measured. The BAP content of runoff from 20 agricultural
watersheds in the Southern Plains was related to the growth of
P-starved algae incubated for 29 d with runoff as the sole
source of P. Acting as a P sink, Fe-oxide strips may have a
stronger theoretical basis than chemical extraction in
estimating BAP. The method may also have potential use as an
environmental soil P test to indicate soils liable to enrich
runoff with sufficient P to accelerate eutrophication.
Bioavailable P loss in runoff was lower from no till (438 g ha-1
yr-1) than from conventional till (1288 g ha-1 yr-1). Kinetic
and enrichment ratio approaches accurately predicted (r2 of
0.93) BAP transport in runoff during 1988 to 1990. Use of the
Fe-oxide strip method will facilitate estimation of BAP
transport in runoff and thereby, improve assessment of the
resultant impact on the biological productivity of receiving
surface waters.
NAL Call No.: S631.F422
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8. Assessment of management practices for reducing pesticide
runoff from sloping cropland in Illinois.
Felsot, A. S.; Mitchell, J. K.; Kenimer, A. L.
J-Environ-Qual v.19, p.539-545. (1990).
Includes references.
Descriptors: alachlor-; carbofuran-; terbufos-; runoff-;
losses-from-soil; sediment-; runoff-water; conservation-tillage;
no-tillage-; chiselling- ; ridging-; plowing-;
contour-cultivation; row-orientation; sloping- land; zea-mays;
glycine-max; illinois-; strip-till-
Abstract: The influence of tillage system and contouring practice
on runoff of soil-applied alachlor
[2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide],
carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl
methylcarbamate), and terbufos (S-[(tert-butylthio)methyl]
O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate) from small plots (30 m2) were
studied using a rainfall simulator. Plots were planted in corn
(Zea mays L.) in 1983, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in 1984,
and corn in 1985. Runoff was measured during a 60-min event with
a rainfall intensity of 63 mm/h. During 1984, moldboard-plowed
and no-till systems were studied with rows oriented on the
contour or up-and-down slope (7-11% slope). Compared to
moldboard plow, up-and-down slope no-till and contouring
significantly reduced runoff of carbofuran and alachlor.
Percentage of applied carbofuran lost in runoff and sediment
ranged from 1% (contoured moldboard) to 11% (up-and-down slope
moldboard). Percentage of applied alachlor lost ranged from 1%
(contoured no-till) to 2% (contoured moldboard). During 1985,
the effects of row orientation were evaluated on moldboard-plow,
chisel-plow, ridge-till, strip-till, and no-till systems. Under
up-and-down slope conditions, runoff of alachlor and terbufos
plus two metabolites (terbufos sulfoxide and terbufos sulfone)
was significantly reduced by strip-till (< 1% loss) compared to
moldboard-plow (6% loss). Larger losses of alachlor (2% of
applied) from up-and-down slope no-till than from the other
conservation tillage systems 1% or less) was attributed to high
concentrations in runoff associated with extensive washoff of
the herbicide from soybean crop residues. With contouring, ridge
tillage also was effective in reducing pesticide runoff (< 1% of
applied pesticide), and strip-till held losses to < 0.1%.
Alachlor and carbofuran were translocated from plots largely in
moving water, but terbufos and metabolites were recovered mainly
in eroded sediment. Although, no conservation tillage system
completely eliminated esticide runoff, losses were most
effectively minimized by contoured strip-till and no-till, which
controlled both water and sediment movement.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
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9. Atrazine leaching and its relation to percolation of water as
influenced by three rates and four methods of irrigation water
application.
Troiano, J.; California. Environmental Hazards Assessment
Program. Worker Safety. Environmental Monitoring and Pest
Management Branch.
Sacramento, Calif. : State of California, Dept. of Food and
Agriculture, Division of Pest Management, Environmental
Protection and Worker Safety, Environmental Monitoring and Pest
Management Branch, [1990] vi, 51 p. : ill..
"July, 1990.".
Descriptors: Soils-California-Herbicide-movement;
Soil-percolation-California; Groundwater-Pollution-California;
Atrazine-
NAL Call No.: S592.6.H47A87--1990
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10. Barley performance under heavy applications of cattle feedlot
manure.
Chang, C.; Sommerfeldt, T. G.; Entz, T.
Agron-j v.85, p.1013-1018. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; cattle-manure; feedlot-wastes;
waste-utilization; application-rates; clay-loam-soils;
application-date; timing-; incorporation-; tillage-; crop-yield;
grain-; yield-increases; irrigated-conditions; dry-conditions;
soil-pollution; water-pollution; alberta-
Abstract: Approximately 4800 cattle feedlots currently operate in
Alberta, Canada. The large amount of manure produced annually
creates disposal problems for feedlot operators. The objective
of the present study was to evaluate the effects of long-term
annual manure application on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
performance grown on clay loam soil (Dark Brown Chernozemic,
Typic Haploboroll) near Lethbridge, AB. Feedlot cattle manure
was applied annually from 1973 to 1989 to irrigated plots at
0, 60, 120, and 180 Mg ha-1 (wet wt. basis) and to nonirrigated
plots at 0, 30, 60, and Mg ha-1. Manure was incorporated with a
cultivator plus disk, rototiller, or plow. Method of
incorporation did not affect barley yields, but timeliness and
amount of precipitation in the current and previous year were
important in determining barley response to manure treatments.
When moisture conditions were below normal, manure at any rate of
application had a negative effect on yield of nonirrigated
barley. Under nonirrigated conditions, average barley yield was
depressed by 10 and 16% for the 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 manure rates,
respectively. Barley yield increased when manure was applied
under irrigation, with the 60 Mg ha-1 rate producing a 20%
higher average yield than the control. Although manure was
disposed of annually on the soil at up to three times the
recommended rate without reducing barley yields below those of
the unmanured plots under irrigated conditions, such practice is
not recommended because of potential soil and water pollution.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
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11. Beef cattle feedlot manure management.
Eghball, B.; Power, J. F.
J-soil-water-conserv v.49, p.113-122. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; cattle-manure; feedlot-wastes;
waste-utilization; resource-management; uses-;
application-to-land; environmental-impact;
environmental-protection; nitrogen-; recovery-;
pollution-control; nutrient-conservation
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822
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12. Best management practices (BMP) evaluation using GIS-CREAMS
linkage.
Bekdash, F. A.; Shirmohammadi, A.; Magette, W. L.; Ifft, T. H.
Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of
Agricultural Engineers,. Winter 1991. (91-7516) 20 p.
Paper presented at the "1991 International Winter Meeting
sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,"
December 17-20, 1991, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: pollution-; geographical-information-systems;
algorithms-
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P
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13. Best management practices for agricultural nonpoint source
control. IV, Pesticides : for the project Rural Nonpoint Source
Control Water Quality Evaluation and Technical Assistance
(National Water Quality Evaluation Project).
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of
Research and Development.
Washington, DC : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, [1992] xiii, 87 p..
Shipping list no.: 92-268-P.
Descriptors:
Rural-Nonpoint-Source-Control-Water-Quality-Evaluation-and-
Technical-Assistance-Project; Pesticides-
NAL Call No.: TD427.P35B46-1992
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14. Best management practices for forested wetlands in the
Southern Appalachian Region.
Aust, W. M.
Water-air-soil-pollut v.77, p.457-468. (1994).
In the special issue: Wetlands of the interior southeastern
United States / edited by C.C. Trettin, W.M. Aust, and J.
Wisniewski. Conference on "Wetland Ecology, Management, and
Conservation," held September 28-30, 1993, Knoxville, Tennessee.
Descriptors: wetlands-; riparian-forests; bottomland-forests;
forest-management; environmental-degradation;
protection-of-forests; forestry-practices; environmental-impact;
logging-effects; southeastern-states-of-usa;
appalachian-states-of-usa
NAL Call No.: TD172.W36
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15. Biogeochemical responses of a forested watershed to both
clearcut harvesting and papermill sludge application.
Kraske, C. R.; Fernandez, I. J.
J-environ-qual v.22, p.776-786. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: paper-mill-sludge; application-to-land; forests-;
watersheds-; clearcutting-; forest-soils; pinus-resinosa;
soil-ph; soil-organic- matter; calcium-; magnesium-;
cation-exchange-capacity; sulfates-; biogeochemistry-; maine-
Abstract: The biogeochemical responses of a forested watershed to
both clearcut harvesting and papermill sludge application were
evaluated. A mixed northern hardwood and conifer stand in Letter
E Township, ME, was clearcut during the winter of 1985-1986.
Harvest residues were windrowed, and red pine (Pinus resinosa
Aiton) seedlings were planted. In 1987, herbicide was applied to
reduce vegetative competition. In the fall of 1989, a combined
primary and secondary papermill sludge was operationally
applied with a rate of 40 Mg ha-1 (dry sludge). Actual loading
rates varied considerably. Study plots were established in
sludge-harvest, control-harvest, and uncut forest zones. Soils
within the treatment zones consisted of Typic Haplorthods
developed from loamy basal tills. Selected soil and soil
solution properties were measured in 1989 and 1990. In 1989,
harvest area forest floor pH was 0.6 to 0.8 units higher, and
organic matter content was up to 40% lower, when compared with
that of the uncut forest area. This reflected the accelerated
decomposition of the forest floor as a result of the harvest
activities. Sludge application further increased forest floor
pH by approximately one unit, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ by
approximately 100 and 60%, respectively, cation-exchange
capacity by 60%, and base saturation by 34% compared with that of
the control-harvest area. Exchangeable Mg2+ and Na+, and
water-soluble SO4(- 2) were the mineral soil properties most
affected by sludge application. Harvesting increased
concentrations of major. times greater, and Mg2+ was three to
six times greater in the harvest area than in the uncut forest
area. Flushes of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and SO4(-2) into soil
solution occurred immediately following sludge application. Only
Na+ and SO4(-2) remained elevated in 1990, being five and three
times greater, respectively, in the sludge amended harvest
area than in the uncut forest area. Compared with the harvest
operations, one-time papermill sludg application appeared to
have only small effects on the biogeochemical processes of the
treated Letter E site.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
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16. BMP impacts on watershed runoff, sediment, and nutrient
yields.
Park, S. W.; Mostaghimi, S.; Cooke, R. A.; McClellan, P. W.
Water-resour-bull v.30, p.1011-1023. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: watersheds-; pollution-; runoff-; sediment-;
nutrients-; water- quality; catchment-hydrology; virginia-;
best-management-practice; agricultural-nonpoint-source-pollution
Abstract: To quantify the effectiveness of best management
practice (BMP) implementation on runoff, sediment, and nutrient
yields from a watershed, the Nomini Creek watershed and water
quality monitoring project was initiated in 1985, in Westmoreland
County, Virginia. The changes in nonpoint source (NPS) loadings
resulting from BMPs were evaluated by comparing selected
parameters from data series obtained before, during, and after
periods of BMP implementation. The results indicated that the
watershed-averaged curve number, sediment, and nutrient (N and
P) concentrations were reduced by approximately 5, 20, and 40
percent, respectively, due to BMP implementation. The nutrient
yield model developed by Frere et al. (1980) was applied to the
water quality parameters from 175 storms, but it failed to
adequately describe the observed phenomena. Seasonal changes in
nutrient availability factors were not consistent with field
conditions, nor were they significantly different in the pre-
and post-BMP periods. An extended period of monitoring, with
intensive BMP implementation over a larger portion of the
watershed, is required to identify RMP effectiveness.
NAL Call No.: 292.9-Am34
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17. BMPs for water quality : best management practices to reduce
runoff of pesticides into surface water : a review and analysis
of supporting research. Best management practices to reduce
runoff of pesticides into surface water.
Christensen, B.; Conservation Technology Information Center.
[West Lafayette, Ind.] : Conservation Technology Information
Center, [1992 or 1993?] i, 43 p. : ill..
Cover title.
Descriptors: Pesticides-Environmental-aspects-United-States;
Water-Pollution- United-States;
Agricultural-pollution-United-States-Management
NAL Call No.: TD427.P35B57--1992
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18. Changes in physical and chemical characteristics of poultry
litter due to rotary tilling.
Koon, J. L.; Flood, C. A. Jr.; McCaskey, T. A.; Brewer, R. N.
Trans-ASAE v.37, p.269-274. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry-manure; litter-; rotary-cultivators;
physical-properties; chemical-properties
Abstract: Pine shavings poultry litter from four growouts were
analyzed for particle size distribution and chemical composition
for untilled litter and litter that had been tilled three times
following each growout. Little change in the particle size
distribution was observed after the first growout for either
treatment. The majority of the nutrient mass was associated
with the larger size particles (those failing to pass a No. 50
screen) while the percent element analysis increased with the
smaller size fractions for both treatments. Little change in
nutrient content was observed between treatments, but the tilled
liner had an increase in percent ash content and a decrease in
percent crude fiber. No difference was observed in the crude
protein percentage in the two treatments.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
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19. Changing farm practice to meet environmental objectives of
nutrient loss to Oyster Harbour.
Weaver, D. M.; Prout, A. L.
Fertil-res. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1993. v. 36
(2) p. 177-184.
In the special issue: Fertilizers and eutrophication in South-
Western Australia / edited by E.P. Hodgkin and J.S. Yeates.
Descriptors: watershed-management; agricultural-land; nutrients-;
phosphorus-; losses-from-soil; point-sources; farm-management;
environmental- management; water-quality; eutrophication-;
western-australia; on-farm-nutrient-management; nonpoint-sources
Abstract: Eutrophication problems in waterbodies in south-western
Australia are primarily caused by inputs of nutrients from
diffuse sources within the agricultural catchments of these
waterbodies. To reduce the algal growth and seagrass decline
caused by these inputs, it is essential to modify land
management to minimize nutrient losses. Permanent reduction in
nutrient losses from agricultural catchments should involve
voluntary changes in farm management practices based on improved
land management. Specifically, these include on-farm nutrient
management such as soil testing, fertilizer management, the use
of perennial plants, and water and erosion control measures to
reduce nutrient loss from rural land. This paper describes the
management of nutrient loss from the catchment of Oyster Harbour
on the south coast of Western Australia using a co-operative
approach.
NAL Call No.: S631.F422
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20. A comparative study of nitrate leaching from soils of
differing textures under similar climatic and cropping
conditions.
Vinten, A. J. A.; Vivian, B. J.; Wright, F.; Howard, R. S.
J-hydrol v.159, p.197-213. (1994).
Special Issue: Field laboratory and modelling studies of flow and
transport processing / edited by H.S. Wheater, P.A.C. Raats, and
A.C. Armstrong. Sciences Programme Session HS1 of the XVII
General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society, April
6-10, 1992, Edinburgh.
Descriptors: nitrate-nitrogen; leaching-; sandy-soils;
clay-loam-soils; nitrogen- fertilizers; application-rates;
hordeum-vulgare; cultivation-; timing-; drainage-water;
flow-to-drains; losses-from-soil; groundwater-pollution
Abstract: This study reports a direct comparison of nitrate
leaching on a field scale from a sandy soil overlying a
relatively impermeable glacial till (Ksat = 30-50 mm day-1),
with that from a clay loam soil overlying a similar glacial till
(Ksat = 2-8 mm day-1), under nearly identical climatic and
cropping conditions. Drained plots were installed at each site,
and N application rate on the plots, which grew spring barley,
varied from 0 to 210 kg N ha-1. Nitrate concentrations in
drainage water from the two sites were measured using a simple
flow- weighted sampling device and drainflow was measured using
tipping bucket flow meters. Total leaching losses (including an
estimate of deep percolation) in the first year of the
comparison were not significantly higher on the sandy site (38
+/- 11 kg N ha-1 at 150 kg N ha-1 N fertiliser application) than
on the clay loam site (27 +/- 4 kg N ha-1). In the subsequent 2
years, leaching losses increased at the sandy loam site. At the
clay loam site leaching losses were much lower (7-11 kg N ha-1
in the final year). Timing of cultivation was an important
factor influencing the amount of leaching in the clay loam soil.
The effect of applied N fertiliser on nitrate leaching was small
at both sites, except in the final year at the sandy site, which
leached 105 kg N ha-1 at the highest fertiliser rate. The
interpretation of these results was aided by concurrent chloride
leaching experiments. These experiments showed that the residence
time of a substantial proportion of chloride (40-50%) was longer
than 1 year. This may be because of diffusion and slow
convection into the glacial till horizons, where the residence
time is long.
NAL Call No.: 292.8-J82
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21. Components of dairy manure management systems.
Van Horn, H. H.; Wilkie, A. C.; Powers, W. J.; Nordstedt, R. A.
J-dairy-sci v.77, p.2008-2030. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle-manure; dairy-farms; application-to-land;
dairy-cows; excretion-; waste-treatment; waste-disposal;
waste-utilization; energy- balance; water-use; ammonia-;
methane-; nitrogen-; phosphorus-
Abstract: Dairy manure management systems should account for the
fate of excreted nutrients that may be of environmental concern.
Currently, regulatory oversight is directed primarily at the
assurance of water quality; N is the most monitored element.
Land application of manure at acceptable fertilizer levels to
crops produced on the farm by hauling or by pumping flushed
manure effluent through irrigation systems is the basis of most
systems. Nutrient losses to surface and groundwaters can be
avoided, and significant economic value can be obtained from
manure as fertilizer if adequate crop production is possible.
Dairies with insufficient crop production potential need
affordable systems to concentrate manure nutrients, thereby
reducing hauling costs and possibly producing a salable product.
Precipitation of additional nutrients from flushed manures with
sedimented solids may be possible. Composting of separated
manure solids offers a possible method to stabilize solids for
distribution, but, most often, solids separated from dairy
manures are fibrous and low in fertility. Manure solids combined
with wastes from other sources may have potential if a
marketable product can be produced or if sufficient subsidy is
received for processing supplementary wastes. Solutions to odor
problems are needed. Energy generated from manure organic
matter, via anaerobic digestion, reduces atmospheric emissions
of methane and odorous compounds. Use of constructed wetlands or
harvesting of photosynthetic biomass from wastewater has the
potential to improve water quality, making extensive recycling
possible.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
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22. Concepts and practices for improving nitrogen management for
vegetables.
Hochmuth, G. J.
HortTechnology v.2, p.121-125. (1992).
Proceedings of the Workshop, "Fertilizer in Horticultural Crops:
Implications for Water Pollution," held at the 88th ASHS Annual
Meeting, July 24, 1991, Pennsylvania State University, University
Park.
Descriptors: nitrogen-fertilizers; vegetables-; crop-production;
water- management; groundwater-pollution; organic-amendments;
nitrification- inhibitors; cultivars-; cropping-systems;
trickle-irrigation; plant- analysis; literature-reviews;
southeastern-states-of-usa
NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
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23. Conservation tillage a sustainable agricultural practice.
Lakshminarayan, P. G.; Bouzaher, A.; Johnson, S. R.
Environmentally sound agriculture proceedings of the second
conference 20-22 April 1994 / p.139-146. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; glycine-max; continuous-cropping;
rotations-; conservation-tillage; tillage-; environmental-impact;
sustainability-; erosion-; erosion-control; nitrate-nitrogen;
losses-from-soil; leaching- ; runoff-; water-quality;
simulation-models; statistical-analysis; conventional-tillage;
metamodels-
NAL Call No.: S589.7.E57-1994
*****************************************************************
24. Conservation tillage: an ecological approach to soil
management.
Blevins, R. L.; Frye, W. W.
Adv-agron. San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press. 1993. v. 51 p.
33-78.
Includes references.
Descriptors: conservation-tillage; no-tillage-; soil-management;
soil- conservation; water-conservation; water-quality;
energy-consumption; soil-organic-matter;
soil-physical-properties; soil-water; infiltration- ;
evaporation-; herbicides-; weed-control; insect-control; plant-
disease-control; soil-fertility; soil-temperature; soil-ph;
acidification-; literature-reviews
NAL Call No.: 30-Ad9
*****************************************************************
25. Conservation tillage and environmental issues.
Schertz, D. L.
Yearb-agric. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture : For
sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., [1980-. 1991. p. 15-20.
In the series analytic: Agriculture and the Environment / edited
by D. Takiff Smith.
Descriptors: conservation-tillage; erosion-control;
environmental-impact; water- pollution; agricultural-chemicals;
movement-in-soil; losses-from-soil
NAL Call No.: 1-Ag84y
*****************************************************************
26. Corn yield and nitrogen uptake as influenced by tillage and
applied nitrogen.
Menelik, G.; Reneau, R. B. Jr.; Martens, D. C.
J-plant-nutr v.17, p. 911-913. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; tillage-; no-tillage-;
urea-ammonium-nitrate; application- rates; split-dressings;
sewage-sludge; sewage-products; nutrient- uptake; crop-yield;
nitrogen-; conventional-tillage
Abstract: No-till management systems have been reported to reduce
nonpoint source (NPS) pollution from agricultural fields.
However, questions have been raised concerning the fate of
nitrogen (N) in these systems. increased moisture conservation
and reduced runoff from no-till systems have the potential to
accelerate leaching of nitrate (NO3) out of the root zone, thus
altering the problem from one of surface water degradation to
one of ground water pollution. However, it is also probable that
the additional moisture conserved in no-till systems result in
increased crop yield and N uptake. Time of N application and
source of N could influence yield and N recovery and thus limit N
losses during critical periods. A 3-year study was conducted to
determine if the fate of N applied to nonirrigated corn (Zea mays
L.) would be influenced by tillage system, N rate, and time and
source of N application. This paper addresses the impact of
these practices on yield and N uptake. The experimental site was
located on a Typic Hapludult that is characteristic of
finer-textured soils used for continuous corn production.
Management practices evaluated were conventional-till vs.
no-till, rate of N application, inorganic N vs. sewage sludge N,
and preplant vs. split application of N. Yield and N recovery
were, respectively, 19 and 22% higher in no-till compared with
conventional-till systems at the point of maximum yield. Corn
yield and N uptake were both increased when sewage sludge was
applied compared with either split or preplant application of
inorganic N. No differences were observed in corn yield and N
uptake between preplant and split application of N. These
studies were conducted. indicate that the higher moisture present
in the no-till system may have contributed to increased yield
and N recovery. The increased N recovery reduces the quantity of
N remaining in the soil profile that might be lost, due to
leaching, after crop harvest.
NAL Call No.: QK867.J67
*****************************************************************
27. Crop, soil, and management effects on phosphorus soil test
levels.
Pierzynski, G. M.; Logan, T. J.
J-prod-agric v.6, p.513-520. (1993).
Paper presented at the "Symposium on assessment of potential
phosphorus losses from a field site", November 4, 1992,
Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Descriptors: phosphorus-; soil-test-values; variation-; crops-;
soil-; crop- management; soil-management; site-factors;
losses-from-soil; water- pollution; risk-; indexes-;
phosphorus-index
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
*****************************************************************
28. Cyclic and blending strategies for using nonsaline and saline
waters for irrigation.
Bradford, S.; Letey, J.
Irrig-sci. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International. 1992. v. 13
(3) .
Includes references.
Descriptors: medicago-sativa; zea-mays; gossypium-hirsutum;
rotations-; continuous-cropping; salt-tolerance; irrigation-;
blending-; cycling-; irrigation-water; saline-water; salinity-;
water-quality; simulation- models; dry-matter-accumulation;
electrical-conductivity; mathematical- models
Abstract: Large quantities of saline water frequently exist in
irrigated areas of the world. Various strategies have been
proposed to use these saline waters. Blending involves mixing
saline water with good quality water to an acceptable salinity
and then using this water to irrigate crops. The cyclic strategy
uses waters of various salinities separately either during one
season or in a crop rotation as a function of the crop's salt
tolerance. A multi-seasonal transient state model, known as the
modified van Genuchten-Hanks model, was used to investigate the
effects of cyclic or blending application of irrigation waters of
two salinity levels on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and on a
corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop
rotation. Simulated alfalfa yields were similar for the cyclic
and blending strategies that applied the same amount of salt and
water. The cyclic strategy produced higher simulated yields of
salt-sensitive corn than the blending strategy, whereas the
simulated salt-tolerant cotton yield was not affected by the two
strategies. The beneficial effects of the cyclic strategy on
corn production decreased under deficit irrigation.
NAL Call No.: S612.I756
*****************************************************************
29. Dairy manure and plant nutrient management issues affecting
water quality and the dairy industry.
Lanyon, L. E.
J-dairy-sci v.77, p.1999-2007. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle-manure; water-pollution; pollution-control;
dairy-farms; cattle-feeding; production-costs;
environmental-policy; usa-
Abstract: Specific requirements for dairy manure management to
protect water quality from nutrient pollution depend on the
organization of individual farms. Further, the management
requirements and options are different for point (farmstead) and
nonpoint (field-applied) sources of pollution from farms. A
formal management process can guide decisions about existing
crop nutrient utilization potential, provide a framework for
tracking nutrients supplied to crops, and identify future
requirements for dairy manure management to protect water
quality. Farm managers can use the process to plan daily
activities, to assess annual nutrient management performance,
and to chart future requirements as herd size increases.
Agronomic measures of nutrient balance and tracking of inputs
and outputs for various farm management units can provide the
quantitative basis for management to allocate better manure to
fields, to modify dairy rations, or to develop alternatives to
on- farm manure application. Changes in agricultural production
since World War II have contributed to a shift from land-based
dairy production to a reliance on capital factors of production
supplied by the dairy industry. Meanwhile, management of dairy
manure to meet increasingly stringent water quality protection
requirements is still a land-based activity. Involving the dairy
industry and off-farm stakeholders as participants in the
management process for field, farm, and regional dairy
production can be the basis for decision-making to reconcile the
sometimes conflicting demands of production and water quality
protection.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
*****************************************************************
30. Design of forest riparian buffer strips for the protection of
water quality : analysis of scientific literature. Analysis of
scientific literature.
Belt, G. H.; O'Laughlin, J.; Merrill, T.; Idaho Forest, W. a.
R. P. A. G.
Moscow, ID : Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Policy Analysis
Group, [1992] iv, 35 p..
"June 1992.".
Descriptors: Riparian-ecology-Idaho; Riparian-forests-Idaho;
Fishes-Idaho-Effect- of-logging-on;
Fishes-Idaho-Effect-of-water-quality-on
NAL Call No.: QH541.5.R52B44--1992
*****************************************************************
31. Desing, installation, and performance of percolation
lysimeters for water quality sampling.
Klocke, N. L.; Todd, R. W.; Hergert, G. W.; Watts, D. G.;
Parkhurst, A. M.
Trans-A-S-A-E v.36, p.429-435. (1993).
Literature review.
Descriptors: irrigation-; leachates-; lysimeters-; percolation-;
water-quality; zea-mays; literature-reviews; nebraska-
Abstract: Lysimeters are the primary research tool for measuring
percolation and water quality. Monolithic percolation lysimeters
were evaluated for measuring the quantity and quality of
leachate from the root zone of irrigated crops. Six percolation
lysimeters were installed in a continuous corn (Zea mays L.)
cropping system near North Platte, Nebraska, during the fall of
1988 and spring 1989. The lysimeters were 0.9 m in diameter and
2.4 m deep. They were filled with undisturbed soil using a
hydraulic pull-down method. Porous stainless steel extractors
were installed vertically upward into the lysimeter bottoms, and
leachate was extracted from the unsaturated soil. Leachate
volume, volumetric soil water content, soil temperature, and
soil bulk density were measured. Isolation of a large soil
monolith in the lysimeter did not significantly affect plant
growth, soil bulk density, or temperature. Soil water content
near the lysimeter bottoms was greater than in the surrounding
field after a wet spring in 1991. However, extractors removed
most excess water and adequately matched unsaturated drainage in
the field. Though leachate varied among lysimeters, they behaved
similarly over time. Results will help relate irrigation
management and scheduling strategies to potential leaching of
soil water and associated chemicals into groundwater.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
*****************************************************************
32. Development and implementation of the Virginia agronomic land
use evaluation system (values).
Donohue, S. J.; Simpson, T. W.; Baker, J. C.; Monnett, M. M.;
Hawkins, G. W.
Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. 1994.
v. 25 (7/8) p. 1103-1108.
Paper presented at the 1993 International Symposium on Soil
Testing and Plant Analysis: Precision Nutrient Management,
August 14-19, 1993, Olympia, Washington. Part 1.
Descriptors: fertilizer-requirement-determination; soil-testing;
nutrients-; management-; databases-; land-use; land-evaluation;
water-quality; environmental-protection; water-pollution;
pollution-control; point- sources; virginia-;
nutrient-management; nonpoint-source-pollution; values-database
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
*****************************************************************
33. Dynamic simulation modelling for evaluating water quality
response to agricultural BMP implementation.
Cassell, E. A.; Clausen, J. C.
Water-sci-technol v.28, p.635-648. (1993).
Paper presented at the IAWQ First International Conference on
"Diffuse (Nonpoint) Pollution: Sources, Prevention, Impact,
Abatement." September 19-24, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: agricultural-land; phosphorus-;
input-output-analysis; movement-in- soil; groundwater-pollution;
surface-water; pollution-; sources-; dynamic-models;
simulation-models; vermont-; best-management-practices
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
*****************************************************************
34. An economic analysis of cover crop use in Georgia to protect
groundwater quality.
Jordan, J. L.; Morgan, S. L.; Elnagheeb, A. H.
Res-bull-Univ-Ga,-Coll-Agric,-Exp-Stn. Athens, Ga. : The
Stations, 1967-. June 1994. (419) 13 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cover-crops; leaching-; groundwater-; nitrates-;
nitrogen-; fertilizers-; cost-benefit-analysis; secale-cereale;
georgia-
NAL Call No.: S51.E2
*****************************************************************
35. Economic and environmental considerations for nitrogen
management in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain.
Norris, P. E.; Shabman, L. A.
Am-J-Alternative-Agric v.7, p.148-156. (1992).
Includes references.
Descriptors: crop-production; nitrogen-; organic-fertilizers;
rotations-; poultry-manure; cost-benefit-analysis; water-quality;
virginia-
Abstract: A case study in eastern Virginia provides evidence that
both environmental and farm profit goals may be satisfied by
alternative nitrogen (N) management strategies for grain
production. We used a linear programming framework with an N
mass balance model to calculate returns from several options for
providing N to crops. Replacing single applications of inorganic
N fertilizer with split applications or with additions of
organic N were found to reduce the potential for N loss from
cropland and to increase net returns. For some N management
strategies, however, adaption may require financial and
educational assistance. As a result, water quality policies may
benefit by including such incentives.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
*****************************************************************
36. Economic and environmental effects of nitrogen testing for
fertilizer management.
Bosch, D. J.; Fuglie, K. O.; Keim, R. W.; United States. Dept.
of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. Resources and
Technology Division.
[Washington, D.C.] : Economic Research Service, Resources and
Technology Division, [1994] iv, 37 p. : ill., map.
Cover title.
Descriptors: Nitrogen-fertilizers-United-States;
Water-quality-United-States
NAL Call No.: aS651.B67--1994
*****************************************************************
37. Effect of conventional vs. no-tillage on pesticide leaching
to shallow groundwater.
Isensee, A. R.; Nash, R. G.; Helling, C. S.
J-Environ-Qual v.19, p.434-440. (1990).
Includes references.
Descriptors: atrazine-; metabolites-; alachlor-; cyanazine-;
carbofuran-; leaching-; groundwater-pollution; no-tillage-;
tillage-; zea-mays; maryland-; deethylatrazine-
Abstract: A field site was established at Beltsville, MD, in 1986
to assess the effect of conventional and no-till cultural
practices on the movement of pesticides into shallow
groundwater. Groundwater samples taken from unconfined (< 1.5 m
deep) and confined (< 3 m deep) monitoring wells in 1986-1988
were analyzed for atrazine [6-chloro-N-
ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine],
deethylatrazine [6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,
3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], alachlor 12- chloro-N-2,
6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide], cyanazine [2-
[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl] amino]-2-
methylpropanenitrile], and carbofuran
(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7- benzofuranyl methylcarbamate).
Atrazine was found in groundwater all year, while cyanazine,
alachlor, and carbofuran were present only for a short period (<
3 mo) after pesticide application. Fairly constant background
levels of < 0.5 microgram L-1 atrazine were found under fields
treated before 1986, while levels under continuously treated
fields were < 2.0 microgram L-1 for 22 of 25 samplings. Pesticide
residues in unconfined groundwater were usually higher (ca. 2 to
4X) than in confined groundwater. Rainfall timing relative to
pesticide application was critically important to pesticide
leaching. A prolonged rain immediately after the 1988
application resulted in peak atrazine and cyanazine levels of
ca. 200 microgram L-1 in unconfined and ca. 30 to 40 microgram
L-1 in confined groundwater, which resulted in short- term levels
ca. 2 to 50X greater under no-till than conventional till plots.
Results of this study suggest that preferential transport
occurred.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
*****************************************************************
38. The effect of crop rotation on nitrate leaching losses;
sandland and limestone aquifers.
Shepherd, M. A.; Johnson, P. A.; Smith, P.
Asp-appl-biol p.183-190. (1992).
In the series analytic: Nitrate and farming systems / edited by
J.R. Archer, K.W.T. Goulding, S.C. Jarvis, C.M. Knott, I. Lord,
S.E. Ogilvy, J. Orson, K.A. Smith, and B. Wilson.
Descriptors: nitrate-; leaching-; rotations-; crop-husbandry;
soil-fertility; cultivation-; cover-crops; aquifers-; limestone-;
limestone-soils; sandy-soils; cropping-systems;
stubble-cultivation; eastern-england
NAL Call No.: QH301.A76
*****************************************************************
39. Effect of extractable soil surface phosphorus on runoff water
quality.
Daniel, T. C.; Edwards, D. R.; Sharpley, A. N.
Trans-ASAE v.36, p.1079-1085. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: losses-from-soil; phosphorus-; pollution-; runoff-;
water-quality; arkansas-
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) additions to surface water from
agricultural nonpoint sources are of concern, because P often
limits eutrophication of surface waters. Numerous sources of
runoff P exist: indigenous soil and plant material, land-applied
manure and sludge, and commercial fertilizer. In many soils
receiving commercial fertilizer and manure, concentrations of P
at the soil surface have been steadily rising due to either
long-term or excessive applications of P. Critical levels of
soil surface P may exist, above which runoff may promote
eutrophication. Methods for rationally identifying these critical
levels are needed to manage losses of P, which implies the need
for curate methods of relating soil surface P concentration (Ps)
to runoff P concentration. A study was conducted on both pasture
and tilled plots (with and without residue) to evaluate the
relationship between Ps and dissolved reactive P in runoff (PR)
using simulated rainfall. The data indicated that even for
comparable storms, Ps alone was not a satisfactory estimator of
PR. A model describing the kinetics of P release from surface
soil to runoff was used to include additional variables in
predicting PR. When used with uncalibrated parameters, the model
explained a significant proportion of the variation in observed
PR values for pasture plots (r2 = 0.43) but was less successful
in predicting PR for tilled plots (with and without residue, r2
= 0.13). Calibration of (adjustments to) the extraction
coefficients resulted in an overall coefficient of determination
between observed and predicted PR values of 0.73. While the
model was successful in describing how PR and the independent
variables are related for the pasture plots, the extraction
coefficients should be calibrated to obtain best estimates of
PR. When used with calibrated extraction coefficients, the model
provided.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
*****************************************************************
40. Effect of soil test phosphorus on runoff water quality.
Daniel, T. C.; Edwards, D. R.; Sharpley, A. N.
Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of
Agricultural Engineers,. Winter 1991. (91-2605) 13 p.
Paper presented at the 1991 International Winter Meeting
sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural Engineers,
December 17-20, 1991, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: soil-; water-quality; phosphorus-; water-pollution;
runoff-
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P
*****************************************************************
41. Effect of tillage systems on soil erosion and runoff water
quality.
Seta, A. K. 1.
1991. vii, 68 leaves : ill..
Includes vita and abstract.
Descriptors: Soil-erosion; Runoff-; Tillage-
NAL Call No.: KyU Thesis-1991-Seta
*****************************************************************
42. Effectiveness of BMPs for stormwater management in urbanized
watersheds.
Kuo, C. Y.; Virginia Water Resources Research Center.
Blacksburg : Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. xiii, 121 p. :
ill., maps.
Partly funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Dept. of the
Interior.
Descriptors: Urban-runoff-Mathematical-models;
Water-quality-management-Data- processing
NAL Call No.: TD201.V57--no.159
*****************************************************************
43. The effectiveness of buffer strips for ameliorating offsite
transport of sediment, nutrients, and pesticides from
silvicultural operations.
Comerford, N.; Mansell, R.; Neary, D.; National Council of the
Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement (U.S.).
New York, N.Y. : National Council of the Paper Industry for Air
and Stream Improvement, 1992. ii, 48 p. ; 28 cm..
"June 1992.".
Descriptors: Forest-management-Environmental-aspects;
Forest-influences; Water- Pollution,
NAL Call No.: TD899.P3N34-no.631
*****************************************************************
44. Effectiveness of vegetative buffer strips in reducing
herbicide transport with surface runoff under simulated
rainfall.
Misra, A. K.; Baker, J. L.; Mickelson, S. K.; Shang, H.
Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of
Agricultural Engineers,. Summer 1994. (94-2120/94-2155) 21 p.
Paper presented at the 1994 International Summer Meeting,
sponsored by the ASAE, June 19-22, 1994, Kansas City, Missouri.
Descriptors: grass-strips; water-pollution; water-quality;
runoff-water; herbicides-; rainfall-simulators
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P
*****************************************************************
45. Effects of agricultural nutrient management on nitrogen fate
and transport in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.
Hall, D. W.; Risser, D. W.
Water-resour-bull v.29, p.55-76. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: nitrogen-; nitrates-; application-to-land;
movement-in-soil; losses- from-soil; water-budget;
precipitation-; groundwater-; manures-; fertilizers-; hydrology-;
groundwater-pollution; pennsylvania-; best-management-practices;
nonpoint-source-pollution; groundwater- hydrology
Abstract: Nitrogen inputs to, and outputs from, a 55-acre site in
Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, were estimated to determine the
pathways and relative magnitude of loads of nitrogen entering
and leaving the site, and to compare the loads of nitrogen
before and after the implementation of nutrient management.
Inputs of nitrogen to the site were manure fertilizer,
commercial fertilizer, nitrogen in precipitation, and nitrogen
in ground-water inflow; and these sources averaged 93, 4, 2, and
1 percent of average annual nitrogen additions, respectively.
Outputs of nitrogen from the site were nitrogen in harvested
crops, loads of nitrogen in surface runoff, volatilization of
nitrogen, and loads of nitrogen in ground-water discharge, which
averaged 37, less than 1, 25, and 38 percent of average annual
nitrogen removals from the site, respectively. Virtually all of
the nitrogen leaving the site that was not removed in harvested
crops or by volatilization was discharged in the ground water.
Applications of manure and fertilizer nitrogen to 47.5 acres of
cropped fields decreased about 33 percent, from an average of
22,700 pounds per year (480 pounds per acre per year) before
nutrient management to 15,175 pounds of nitrogen per year (320
pounds per acre per year) after the implementation of nutrient
management practices. Nitrogen loads in ground-water discharged
from the site decreased about 30 percent, from an average of 292
pounds of nitrogen per million gallons of ground water before
nutrient management to an average of 203 pounds of nitrogen per
million gallons as a result of the decreased manure and
commercial fertilizer applications. Reductions in manure and
commercial fertilizer applications caused a reduction of
approximately 11,000 pounds (3,760 pounds per year; 70. ground
water from the 55-acre site during the three-year period 1987-
1990.
NAL Call No.: 292.9-Am34
*****************************************************************
46. Effects of deep tillage on redistribution of lead shot and
chufa tuber biomass at Catahoula Lake, Louisiana.
Peters, M. S. M. S. 1.
1992. vi, 25 leaves : ill..
Vita.
Descriptors: Waterfowl-management-Louisiana;
Lead-Toxicology-Louisiana; Tillage- Louisiana; Catahoula-Lake-La
NAL Call No.: LU 378.76-L930-1992-pete
*****************************************************************
47. Effects of management practices on surface water quality from
rice fields.
Feagley, S. E.; Sigua, G. C.; Bengston, R. L.; Bollich, P. K.;
Linscombe, S. D.
La-Agric-La-Agric-Exp-Stn v.36, p.8-10. (1993).
Descriptors: oryza-sativa; water-pollution; weed-control;
cultural-control; fertilizers-; field-tests; no-tillage-;
cultivation-; water-quality; louisiana-
NAL Call No.: 100-L939
*****************************************************************
48. Effects of poultry litter application on surface water
quality. 1. A field experiment.
Huhnke, R. L.; Storm, D. E.; Brown, G. O.; Smolen, M. D.
Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of
Agricultural Engineers,. Summer 1992. (92-2121/92-3010) 14 p.
Paper presented at the "1992 International Summer Meeting
sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,"
June 21-24, 1992, Charlotte, North Carolina.
Descriptors: poultry-manure; soil-chemistry; pastures-;
runoff-water; tillage-; plant-height; water-quality;
water-pollution; waste-utilization; rain-; oklahoma-
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P
*****************************************************************
49. The effects of tillage and crop residues on water and nitrate
movement in soil columns.
Serem, V. K.; Madramootoo, C. A.
Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of
Agricultural Engineers,. Summer 1993. (932082) 16 p.
Paper presented at the "1993 International Summer Meeting
sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, and
The Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering," June 20-23,
1993, Spokane, Washington.
Descriptors: tillage-; crop-residues; nitrates-; water-quality;
drainage-; leaching-
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P
*****************************************************************
50. Effects of tillage on pesticide concentrations in shallow
ground water and surface runoff from fragipan soils in North
Mississippi, USA.
Smith, S. Jr.
Proceedings of Industrial and Agricultural Impacts on the
Hydrologic Environment the Second USA/CIS Joint Conference on
Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology / USA/CIS Joint
Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology.
Alexandria, VA : Water Environment Federation, c1993.. v. 2 p.
79-91.
Title on cover : Environmental impact of agricultural practices
and agrichemicals / edited by Y. Eckstein and A. Zaporozec.
Descriptors: glycine-max; groundwater-pollution; surface-water;
runoff-; pesticides-; concentration-; watersheds-; fragipans-;
no-tillage-; movement-in-soil; mississippi-
NAL Call No.: GB652.U82-1993
*****************************************************************
51. Estimation of nitrate concentrations in groundwater using a
whole farm nitrogen budget.
Barry, D. A. J.; Goorahoo, D.; Goss, M. J.
J-environ-qual v.22, p.767-775. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: nitrate-nitrogen; leaching-; nitrogen-balance;
farming-systems; rotations-; zea-mays; glycine-max;
triticum-aestivum; phleum-pratense; medicago-sativa;
groundwater-pollution; farming-systems-research; ontario-
Abstract: Contamination of groundwater under agricultural land by
NO3 is influenced by the kind of farming system. One possible
method of selecting farming systems that result in less NO3
leaching is to calculate whole farm N budgets, that are
simplified by assuming soil-N remains constant from one cycle
of a rotation to the next. This method was applied to two model
crop rotations using average crop yield data for two regions
of Ontario, and to a cash-crop farm and a dairy farm using
information on purchases, sales, and crop yields, for these
farms. The model rotations were corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean
[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and
corn-soybean- wheat-hay (mixture of timothy, Phleum pratense L.
and alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.)-hay-hay. Atmospheric
deposition (18.4 kg N ha-1 yr) was obtained by literature
review. Symbiotic N2 fixation by legume crops with different
yields was estimated from regression equations. A net surplus
in the N balance was converted to maximum mean NO3-N
concentration in groundwater by assuming a groundwater recharge
rate of 160 mm yr-1, and no denitrification. Predicted NO3-N
concentrations in leachate for the model corn-soybean-wheat
rotation were greater for southwestern Ontario (22.4 mg L-1)
than western Ontario (8.5 mg L-1), probably because more N
fertilizer was recommended in the southwest. Including hay in
the model rotation increased the amount of N leached by a
factor of two in western Ontario, but only by 9% in the
southwest. was 6.7 mg L-1, compared with an average measured
value of 9.5 mg L-1 in the tile drainage water. For the dairy
farm the predicted value was 58 mg L-1 and a measured value
was not available. The simplified N balance method provided
useful estimates of potential NO3 leaching losses even though it
relied on some major assumptions. A major uncertainty was
atmospheric deposition of ammonia volatilized from on- farm
sources. Denitrification could be as much as 62 kg N ha-1 yr-1
undr continuous production of grain corn, based on differences
between N present after harvest and amount of N leached.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
*****************************************************************
52. Evaluating farming strategies for water quality at the Ohio
Management Systems Evaluation Area.
Watermeier, N. L.; Workman, S. R.; Nokes, S. E.; Borwn, L. C.
Proceedings of the National Symposium on Protecting Rural
America's Water Resources Partnerships for Pollution Solutions,
October 23-26, 1994, Omni Shoreham Hotel, Washington, DC /
National Symposium on Protecting Rural America's Water
Resources: Partnerships for Pollution Solutions. [Oklahoma,
City, OK? : Ground Water Protection Council?, 1994]. p. 185-195.
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; glycine-max; triticum-aestivum;
continuous-cropping; rotations-; no-tillage-; tillage-;
cover-crops; vicia-villosa; nitrate- ; alachlor-; metribuzin-;
chlorimuron-; leaching-; groundwater- pollution; water-quality;
crop-yield; atrazine-; ohio-; ridge-tillage
NAL Call No.: TD927.N38-1994
*****************************************************************
53. Evaluating herbicide removal by buffer strips under natural
rainfall.
Arora, K.; Mickelson, S. K.; Baker, J. L.; Tierney, D. P.
Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of
Agricultural Engineers,. Winter 1993. (932593) 16 p.
Paper presented at the "1993 International Winter Meeting of the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 14-17,
1993, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: herbicide-residues; water-quality; erosion-control
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P
*****************************************************************
54. Evaluating the effectiveness of forestry best management
practices in meeting water quality goals or standards.
Dissmeyer, G. E.; United States. Forest Service. Southern Region.
Atlanta, Ga. : USDA, Forest Service, Southern Region, [1994]
viii, 166 p. : ill..
"July 1994.".
Descriptors: Water-quality-United-States;
Forest-management-United-States
NAL Call No.: 1--Ag84M-no.1520
*****************************************************************
55. Evaluation of a rice herbicide transport model.
Breuer, R. S.; California Environmental Protection Agency.
Environmental Hazards Assessment Program.
Sacramento, Calif. : Environmental Hazards Assessment Program,
State of California, Environmental Protection Agency, Dept. of
Pesticide Regulation, Environmental Monitoring and Pest
Management Branch, [1992] iv, 7 p. : ill..
Cover title.
Descriptors:
Herbicides-Environmental-aspects-California-Sacramento-River;
Nematocides-Environmental-aspects-California-Sacramento-River;
Water- Pollution-California-Sacramento-River-Computer-programs
NAL Call No.: TD427.P35B74--1992
*****************************************************************
56. An evaluation of extension programs to enhance water quality
through nutrient management in the urban landscape.
Relf, P. D.; McKissack, D.
HortTechnology v.2, p.245-247. (1992).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cooperative-extension-service; volunteers-;
environmental- education; educational-programs; water-quality;
water-pollution; fertilizers-; runoff-; mass-media;
extension-education; technology- transfer; maryland-;
nonpoint-source-pollution; chesapeake-bay; master-gardeners
NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
*****************************************************************
57. Evaluation of GLEAMS and PRZM for predicting pesticide
leaching under field conditions.
Zacharias, S.; Heatwole, C. D.
Trans-ASAE v.37, p.439-451. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; no-tillage-; pesticides-; leaching-;
simulation-models; virginia-; groundwater-loading;
effects-of-agricultural-management-systems;
pesticide-rootzone-model; nonpoint-source-pollution
Abstract: Pesticide simulation models, GLEAMS and PRZM, were
evaluated for their ability to predict pesticide behavior using
field data from a plot under no-till corn in the Coastal Plain
region of Virginia. The models were evaluated in an uncalibrated
mode as well as with adjustment of important hydrology
parameters. The evaluation of model performance was based on
graphical displays and statistical measures. Difference in
evapotranspiration (ET) predictions by the two models caused the
simulated results from their hydrology components to vary.
Runoff and soil moisture measured in the field were predicted
reasonably well after adjusting important hydrology parameters.
Except for differences in magnitude, both models predicted the
chemical concentration profiles similarly. Overall, GLEAMS
represented pesticide behavior in soil better than PRZM. The
models, GLEAMS and PRZM, performed well in predicting pesticide
mass in the root zone, but were less reliable in predicting
pesticide concentration distributions in soil. Model predictions
of pesticide fate and transport were not greatly affected by
changes in curve number and the water holding capacity of the
soil.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
*****************************************************************
58. Evaluation of two field screening test kits for the detection
of PCBs in soil by immunoassay.
Waters, L. C.; Smith, R. R.; Stewart, J. H.; Jenkins, R. A.;
Counts, R. W.
J-AOAC-Int v.77, p.1664-1671. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: soil-testing; polluted-soils;
polychlorinated-biphenyls; contamination-; determination-;
screening-; immunoassay-
NAL Call No.: S583.A7
*****************************************************************
59. Fall tillage method: effect on short-term carbon dioxide flux
from soil.
Reicosky, D. C.; Lindstrom, M. J.
Agron-j v.85, p.1237-1248. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: autumn-; tillage-; techniques-; no-tillage-;
carbon-dioxide; flow-; soil-air; global-warming;
greenhouse-effect; air-pollution; climatic- change;
soil-analysis; organic-compounds; carbon-; soil-water-content;
soil-; surface-roughness; surface-roughness; minnesota-
Abstract: The increasing concern for rising CO2 concentrations
from agricultural activities has prompted the need to better
understand the flux of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. This
work determines the effect of four fall tillage methods on
short-term CO2 flux from a Hamerly clay loam (fine-loamy,
frigid Aeric Calciaquoll) in the northern Corn Belt. Moldboard
plow only, moldboard plow plus disk harrow twice, disk harrow
once, and chisel plow once using standard tillage equipment
following a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop were compared with
no-tillage. The CO2 flux was measured with a large portable
system commonly used to measure canopy gas exchange of field
crops. Measurements of CO2 flux were initiated within 5 min
after tillage completion for each tillage treatment and
continued intermittently for 19 d. Moldboard plow had the
roughest soil surface and the highest initial CO2 flux (29 g
m-2 h-1) and maintained the highest flux throughout the study.
Moldboard plow plus disking twice and chisel plow had similar
initial rates (7 and 6 g m-2 h-1, respectively) that were
greater than disk harrow and no-tillage. The high initial CO2
fluxes were more related to depth of soil disturbance that
resulted in a rougher surface and larger voids than to residue
incorporation. The differences in CO2 flux between tillage
treatments were small but consistent 19 d after initial tillage
and 64 mm rain. Lower CO2 flux rates caused by tillage were
associated with low soil disturbance and/or small voids.
Tillage. soil management can minimize agriculture's impact on
global CO2 increase.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
*****************************************************************
60. Farm nutrient management training needs assessment for
Minnesota : a nutrient management technical assistance project.
Minnesota. Dept. of Agriculture.
[Saint Paul, Minn. : Minnesota Dept. of Agriculture, 1994] 61 p.
: 1 map.
"Funded by a grant from USEPA, Section 319 of the Water Quality
Act of 1987, "Nonpoint source management".".
Descriptors: Soil-management-Minnesota; Soil-fertility-Minnesota;
Soil-science- Minnesota; Needs-assessment-Minnesota
NAL Call No.: S599.M6F37--1994
*****************************************************************
61. A farm scale water quality planning system for evaluating
best management practices.
Batchelor, W. D.; Dillaha, T. A. I.; Wolfe, M. L.; Heatwole, C.
D.; Mostaghimi, S.
Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of
Agricultural Engineers,. Summer 1994. (94-2156/94-2185) 17 p.
Paper presented at the "1994 International Summer Meeting
sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,"
June 19-22, 1994, Kansas City, Missouri.
Descriptors: water-pollution; water-quality; land-management;
simulation-models; pollution-control; non-point-source-pollution
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P
*****************************************************************
62. A field study to evaluate leaching of aldicarb, metolachlor,
and bromide in a sandy loam soil.
Smith, C. N.; Parrish, R. S.
J-environ-qual v.22, p.562-577. (1993).
Paper presented at the USDA-ARS Beltsville Agricultural Research
Center Symposium XVII, "Agricultural Water Quality Priorities, A
Team Approach to Conserving Natural Resources," May 4-8, 1992,
Beltsville, MD.
Descriptors: aldicarb-; granules-; metolachlor-;
emulsifiable-concentrates; bromide-; tracers-; leaching-;
vertical-movement; application-; spatial- variation; soil-depth;
sandy-loam-soils; saturated-conditions; persistence-; half-life;
arachis-hypogaea; uptake-; georgia-
Abstract: Transport and transformation of pesticides used in
agricultural situations are subject to vailability from several
sources that are impossible to simulate in laboratory settings.
This study was conducted to characterize pesticide leaching
behavior under conventional croping conditions and to determine
the impacts of related sources of vailability. An agricultural
field site (Ardilia fine sandy loam, Clarendon loamy sand,
Tifton loamy sand, and Lucy loamy sand) located within the
Dougherty Plain region of southwest Georgia was used to study
pesticide movement in unsaturated and saturated soil zones from
1984 through 1988. A granular formulation of aldicarb [2-methyl-2
- (methylthio) propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime], an
emulsifiable concentrate of metolachlor
[2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl- phenyl)-N-(2-metboxy-1-methyl
ethyl) acetamide], and a bromide (Br-) tracer were applied on
peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) crops under modified conventional
tillage practices. Postapplication vertical movement was
monitored for periods of up to 111 d for pesticides and 1307 d
for Br-. Application distributions for aldicarb showed measured
coefficients of variation ranging from 42 to 72, and for
metolachlor from 23 to 44. Spatial variability analyses
indicated the existence of small-scale correlation for both
pesticides upon initial application, and some large-scale
trending was observed for metolachlor. Field-based
transformation rates of aldicarb were up to three times higher
than laboratory-based values. There was no evidence of migration
of any of the pesticides into the saturated zone during the
study, although Br- was observed at less than 1 mg kg(-1) in
well-water samples. Aldicarb degraded almost completely within d
each year, and. concentrations decreasing with increasing depth,
and there was no significant movement below 0.3 m. Bromide was
observed in soil samples as deep as 3 m only on the 1307th d,
and the profiles showed peak concentrations no lower than 1.5 m
with relative verticaldispersion increasing continuously.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
*****************************************************************
63. Forest practices as nonpoint sources of pollution in North
America.
Binkley, D.; Brown, T. C.
Water-resour-bull v.29, p.729-740. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: water-pollution; streams-; water-quality;
forest-influences; forest- management; usa-; canada-
Abstract: Forest management activities may substantially alter
the quality of water draining forests, and are regulated as
nonpoint sources of pollution. Important impacts have been
documented, in some cases, for undesirable changes in stream
temperature and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nitrate-N,
and suspended sediments. We present a comprehensive summary of
North American studies that have examined the impacts of
forest practices on each of these parameters of water quality.
In most cases, retention of forested buffer strips along
streams prevents unacceptable increases in stream temperatures.
Current practices do not typically involve addition of large
quantities of fine organic material to streams, and depletion
of streamwater oxygen is not a problem; however, sedimentation
of gravel streambeds may reduce oxygen diffusion into spawning
beds in some cases. Concentrations of nitrate-N typically
increase substantially after forest harvesting and
fertilization, but only a few cases have resulted in
concentrations approaching the drinking-water standard of 10
mg of nitrate- N/L. Road construction and harvesting increase
suspended sediment concentrations in streamwater, with highly
variable results among regions in North America. The use of best
management practices usually prevents unacceptable increases in
sediment concentrations, but exceptionally large responses
(especially in relation to intense storms) are not unusual.
NAL Call No.: 292.9-Am34
*****************************************************************
64. Forests as nonpoint sources of pollution, and effectiveness
of best management practices.
National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream
Improvement (U.S.).
New York, N.Y. : National Council of the Paper Industry for Air
and Stream Improvement, 1994. 2, iii, 57 p. : ill..
Cover title.
Descriptors: Nonpoint-source-pollution-United-States;
Forest-management- Environmental-aspects-United-States;
Watershed-management-Environmental- aspects-United-States
NAL Call No.: TD899.P3N34--no.672
*****************************************************************
65. GLEAMS modeling of BMPs to reduce nitrate leaching in Middle
Suwannee River Area.
Reck, W. R.
Environmentally sound agriculture proceedings of the second
conference 20-22 April 1994 /. St. Joseph, Mich. : American
Society of Agricultural Engineers, c1994. 1994. 361-367.
Includes references.
Descriptors: groundwater-; water-quality; nitrate-nitrogen;
leaching-; farming- systems; farm-management; dairy-farming;
poultry-farming; monitoring-; models-; computer-techniques;
florida-;
groundwater-loading-effects-of-agricultural-management-systems;
best-management-practices
NAL Call No.: S589.7.E57-1994
*****************************************************************
66. GOSSYM/COMAX: a cotton crop management emphasizing irrigation
scheduling and water quality.
McKinion, J. M.; Boone, M. Y. L.; Porter, D. O.; Whisler, F. D.
Proceedings of Industrial and Agricultural Impacts on the
Hydrologic Environment the Second USA/CIS Joint Conference on
Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology / USA/CIS Joint
Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology.
Alexandria, VA : Water Environment Federation, c1993.. v. 2 p.
23-36.
Title on cover : Environmental impact of agricultural practices
and agrichemicals / edited by Y. Eckstein and A. Zaporozec.
Descriptors: gossypium-; irrigated-farming;
irrigation-scheduling; simulation- models; water-quality;
mississippi-
NAL Call No.: GB652.U82-1993
*****************************************************************
67. Herbicide leaching under tilled and no-tillage fields.
Gish, T. J.; Shirmohammadi, A.; Vyravipillai, R.; Wienhold, B. J.
Soil-Sci-Soc-Am-j. [Madison, Wis.] Soil Science Society of
America. May/June 1995. v. 59 (3) p. 895-901.
Includes references.
Descriptors: atrazine-; alachlor-; losses-from-soil;
formulations-; persistence- ; adsorption-; degradation-;
leaching-; movement-in-soil; no-tillage-; tillage-;
drained-conditions; controlled-release; groundwater-; water-
quality; maryland-; well-drained-soils
Abstract: The effect of no-tillage practices on water quality
exiting the root zone of deep, well-drained fields is largely
unknown. This project was initiated to determine herbicide
leaching characteristics as influenced by tillage practice and
herbicide formulation. The research site consisted of four
adjacent (0.25-ha) fields, two fields each dedicated to either
tilled or no-tillage management. One field in each tillage
regime received a controlled-release formulation of atrazine [6-
chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] and
alachlor
[2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetamide,
starch encapsulated], while the others received standard
herbicide formulations of atrazine and alachlor. Both herbicide
formulations were annually applied at the same rate: 1.7 kg ha-1
for atrazine and 2.8 kg ha-1 for alachlor. Atrazine,
deethylatrazine [DEAT; 6-chloro-N-(1-
methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], alachlor, and Br-1
concentrations were monitored with 12 suction lysimeters (six
each at 1.5- and 1.8-m depths) in each field. Alachlor was
detected in <3% of all samples collected, regardless of tillage
practice or herbicide formulation, while atrazine was detected
in >41% of the samples. Under no-tillage, atrazine was detected
in <28% of the samples with <13% exceeding the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency Health Advisor level of 3
micrograms L-1 atrazine. Under tilled conditions, 53% of the
samples contained atrazine, with 35% exceeding 3 micrograms L-1
atrazine. Averaged atrazine metabolite concentration of DEAT
under no- tillage was 0.52 micrograms L-1 vs. 0.39 micrograms L-1
for tilled fields. Similar Br- transport between tillage
practices and reduced atrazine levels. well-drained soils, can
have a positive impact on groundwater quality.
NAL Call No.: 56.9-So3
*****************************************************************
68. Impact of BMP's on stream and ground water quality in a USDA
demonstration watershed in the eastern Coastal Plain.
Stone, K. C.; Hunt, P. G.; Novak, J. M.; Matheny, T. A.
Environmentally sound agriculture proceedings of the second
conference 20-22 April 1994 / p.280-286. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: water-quality; evaluation-; streams-; groundwater-;
intensive- farming; environmental-impact; watersheds-;
north-carolina; best-management-practices
NAL Call No.: S589.7.E57-1994
*****************************************************************
69. The impact of conservation tillage on pesticide runoff into
surface
Fawcett, R. S.; Christensen, B. R.; Tierney, D. P.
J-soil-water-conserv v.49, p.126-135. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: conservation-tillage; environmental-impact;
pesticides-; runoff-; losses-from-soil; surface-water;
water-pollution; reviews-
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822
*****************************************************************
70. Impact of reservoir tillage on runoff quality and quantity.
Rochester, E. W.; Hill, D. T.; Yoo, K. H.
Trans-ASAE v.37, p.1183-1186. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: tillage-; puddling-; runoff-; runoff-water;
water-quality; soil- compaction; gossypium-hirsutum;
organic-nitrogen-compounds; phosphorus- ; nitrate-; ammonium-;
alabama-
Abstract: The effects of reservoir tillage on runoff and water
quality were studied under two levels of soil compaction in the
production of cotton. A wide frame tractive vehicle was used
during plot establishment and during all farm operations to
provide the desired soil compactions. LEPA (Low Energy Precision
Application) irrigation was used to apply supplemental water as
required. Runoff quantity was monitored with flumes and runoff
samples were taken using Coshocton- type runoff samplers.
Thirteen runoff events were monitored and analyzed over a
two-year period for the replicated, four-treatment study.
Reservoir tillage decreased runoff and total discharges of
organic nitrogen and phosphate. Differences in concentrations of
water quality parameters (total solids, ammonium, total kjeldahl
nitrogen, nitrate, phosphate, and COD) were not statistically
significant. Although not statistically different, total runoff
and total discharge of water quality parameters (except
phosphate) were lower for the low compacted treatments compared
to the high compacted treatments.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
*****************************************************************
71. Impact of reservoir tillage on runoff quality and quantity.
Rochester, E. W.; Hill, D. T.; Yoo, K. H.
Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of
Agricultural Engineers,. Summer 1993. (93-2114) 16 p.
Paper presented at the "1993 International Summer Meeting
sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural Engineers and
The Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering," June 20-23,
1993, Spokane, Washington.
Descriptors: cotton-; tillage-; runoff-; soil-compaction;
water-quality
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P
*****************************************************************
72. Impact of tillage on microbial activity and the fate of
pesticides in the upper soil.
Levanon, D.; Meisinger, J. J.; Codling, E. E.; Starr, J. L.
Water-air-soil-pollut v.72, p.179-189. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: atrazine-; metolachlor-; carbofuran-; diazinon-;
insecticide- residues; herbicide-residues; mineralization-;
microbial-degradation; plowing-; no-tillage-;
biological-activity-in-soil; maryland-
NAL Call No.: TD172.W36
*****************************************************************
73. Impacts of tillage system and chemical incorporation on
surface losses of water, soil, atrazine and alachlor.
Watermeier, N. L.
1993. xiii, 197 leaves : ill..
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nebraska--Lincoln, 1993.
NBU LD3656-1993-W384
*****************************************************************
74. Influence of tillage on nitrate loss in surface runoff and
tile drainage.
Drury, C. F.; McKenney, D. J.; Findlay, W. I.; Gaynor, J. D.
Soil-Sci-Soc-Am-j. [Madison, Wis.] Soil Science Society of
America. May/June 1993. v. 57 (3) p. 797-802.
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; poa-pratensis; conservation-tillage;
ridging-; no-tillage- ; tillage-; plowing-; nitrate-;
losses-from-soil; runoff-; tile- drainage; runoff-water;
drainage-water; water-quality; crop-yield; nitrogen-;
nutrient-uptake; water-pollution; conventional-tillage
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the effect of
conservation (no- tillage and ridge tillage) and conventional
(moldboard plow) tillage systems on NO3(-) loss through surface
runoff and tile drainage. Nitrate concentrations and total
volume of surface runoff and tile drainage from conventional
tillage (CT), no-tillage (NT), and ridge tillage (RT) all
planted in continuous corn (Zea mays L.), and Kentucky bluegrass
(BG, Poa pratensis L.) treatments, were measured for 3 yr, 1989
to 1991. All corn tillage treatments received a total of 178.6 kg
N ha-1 annually during the growing season. The volume of water
drained through the tiles in the corn tillage systems always
exceeded the volume in surface runoff, typically by factors of 2
to 4. Tile drainage was greatest from the CT treatments, least
from BG, and approximately equal from RT and NT treatments in
1989 and 1990. Concentrations of NO3(-) in tile water from CT,
RT, and NT treatments exceeded the maximum recommended safe
limit for drinking water (10 mg N L-1) in 79% of the leaching
events, with flow-weighted concentrations between 12 and 17 mg N
L-1 in 1989 and 1990. Flow-weighted NO3(-) concentrations were
only 1.2 and 2.6 mg N L-1 from BG in 1989 and 1990, respectively.
The total NO3(-) lost in tile water in 1989 was 18, 14, 14, and 1
kg N ha-1 from the CT, RT, NT, and BG treatments, respectively,
whereas in 1990 there were 29, 20, 20, and 3 kg N ha-1 lost from
the CT, RT, NT, and BG treatments, respectively. Nitrate losses
in surface runoff were lower than in tile drainage, with
maximums of 2.6 kg N ha-1 for the RT and NT treatments in 1989
and 5.5 kg N ha-1 for the RT treatment in 1990. In 1989 and
1990, both RT and NT treatments had greater yields and N uptake
in grain than the CT treatment. A serious drought in 1991
limited corn.
NAL Call No.: 56.9-So3
*****************************************************************
75. An innovative approach to estimate bioavailable phosphorus in
agricultural runoff using iron oxide-impregnated paper.
Sharpley, A. N.
J-environ-qual v.22, p.597-601. (1993).
Paper presented at the USDA-ARS Beltsville Agricultural Research
Center Symposium XVII, "Agricultural Water Quality Priorities, A
Team Approach to Conserving Natural Resources," May 4-8, 1992,
Beltsville, MD.
Descriptors: runoff-water; phosphorus-; bioavailability-;
determination-; methodology-; agriculture-
Abstract: The transport of bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) in
agricultural runoff can accelerate the eutrophication of
receiving water bodies. Bioavailable P is comprised of dissolved
P (DP) and bioavailable particulate phosphorus (BPP). Although
several algal assays and chemical extractions have been proposed
to estimate BAP, procedural and theoretical limitations have
restricted their widespread use. This study evaluates the use of
Fe oxide-impregnated paper strips (Fe-oxide strips) to estimate
the potential BAP content of runoff from 20 agricultural
watersheds in the Southern Plains during 1988 to 1990. In the
proposed method, BAP and DP are determined by shaking 50 mL of
unfiltered or filtered runoff, respectively, with one Fe-oxide
strip for 16 h. Phosphorus is removed from the strip by 0.1 M
H2SO4 and measured, with BPP calculated as the difference
between BAP and DP. Growth of Selnastrum capricornutum was
related r2 = 0.63 -0.96) to the BPP content of runoff sediment
in 2- to 29-d incubations. Bioavailable PP estimated by the
proposed strip method and more widely used NaOH extraction,
closely followed a 1:1 relationship. Averaged for all runoff
events, strip DP was 90 and 75% of DP determined by standard
direct methods, for watersheds with and without tillage,
respectively. The lower estimates of strip DP may be partially
attributed to a greater transport of acid-hydrolyzable organic
and condensed DP in runoff from no-till compared to tilled
watersheds. Acting as a P sink, the strip method may have a
stronger theoretical basis than chemical extraction in
estimating algal-available P in agricultural runoff. In
addition, the simplicity of the proposed Fe-oxide strip method
will allow BAP estimation with limited resources and may
facilitate evaluation of the. receiving waters.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
*****************************************************************
76. Integrated pest management and conservation behaviors.
Glynn, C. J.; McDonald, D. G.; Tette, J. P.
J-soil-water-conserv v.50, p.25-29. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; integrated-pest-management;
environmental- protection; farmers'-attitudes;
environmental-impact; soil- conservation; water-conservation
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822
*****************************************************************
77. Integrated soil, crop and water management system to abate
herbicide and nitrate contamination of the Great Lakes.
Tan, C. S.; Drury, C. F.; Gaynor, J. D.; Welacky, T. W.
Water-sci-technol v.28, p.497-507. (1993).
Paper presented at the IAWQ First International Conference on
"Diffuse (Nonpoint) Pollution: Sources, Prevention, Impact,
Abatement." September 19-24, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: lakes-; water-pollution; herbicides-; nitrates-;
zea-mays; cultivation-; techniques-; cropping-systems;
conservation-; conservation-tillage; water-table; management-;
ontario-
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
*****************************************************************
78. Integrating water quality modeling with ecological risk
assessment for nonpoint source pollution control: a conceptual
framework.
Chen, Y. D.; McCutcheon, S. C.; Rasmussen, T. C.; Nutter, W. L.;
Carsel, R. F.
Water-sci-technol v.28, p.431-440. (1993).
Paper presented at the IAWQ First International Conference on
"Diffuse (Nonpoint) Pollution: Sources, Prevention, Impact,
Abatement." September 19-24, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: water-quality; protection-; pollution-control;
ecology-; risk-; assessment-; models-; usa-;
best-management-practices
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
*****************************************************************
79. Integration of geographic information systems and a computer
model to evaluate impacts of agricultural runoff on water
quality.
He, C.; Riggs, J. F.; Kang, Y. T.
Water-resour-bull v.29, p.891-900. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: runoff-; river-water; water-pollution;
water-quality; nitrogen-; phosphorus-; simulation-models;
geographical-information-systems; michigan-;
geographic-resource-analysis-support-system-grass; grass-
waterworks; agricultural-nonpoint-source-pollution-model-agnps;
cass- river; saginaw-bay; best-management-practices
Abstract: This study integrates an Agricultural Non-Point Source
Pollution Model (AGNPS), the Geographic Resource Analysis
Support System (GRASS) (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1987), and
GRASS WATERWORKS (a hydrologic modeling tool box being developed
at the Michigan State University Center for Remote Sensing) to
evaluate the impact of agricultural runoff on water quality in
the Cass River, a subwatershed of Saginaw Bay. AGNPS is used to
estimate the amounts, origin, and distribution of sediment,
nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in the watershed. GRASS and
GRASS WATERWORKS are used to generate parameters needed for
AGNPS from digital maps, which include soil association, land
use, watershed boundaries, water features, and digital elevation.
Outputs of the model include spatially distributed estimates of
volume and peak runoff, overland and channel erosion, sediment
yields, and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Management scenarios are explored in the AGNPS model to minimize
sedimentation and nutrient loading. Scenarios evaluated include
variations in crop cover, tillage methods, and other
agricultural management practices. In addition, areas vulnerable
to erosion are identified for best management practices.
NAL Call No.: 292.9-Am34
*****************************************************************
80. Laws and programs for controlling nonpoint source pollution
in forest areas.
Brown, T. C.; Brown, D.; Binkley, D.
Water-resour-bull v.29, p.1-13. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: water-pollution; water-quality; pollution-control;
monitoring- legislation-; programs-; state-government;
federal-government; usa-; best-management-practices
Abstract: Recent federal legislation strengthened nonpoint source
pollution regulations and helped to support and standardize
pollution control efforts. A comprehensive review of current
state and federal programs for forest areas reveals a
substantial increase in agency water quality protection
activities. These new efforts emphasize monitoring to assess the
use and effectiveness of best management practices (BMPs). Recent
monitoring reveals that BMP use is increasing and that such use
typically maintains water quality within standards. However,
information is generally lacking about the cost effectiveness of
BMP programs. Carefully designed and executed monitoring is the
key to better specification of BMPs and more cost effective
water quality protection.
NAL Call No.: 292.9-Am34
*****************************************************************
81. Leaching of nitrogen and phsophorus from the biomass of three
cover crop species.
Miller, M. H.; Beauchamp, E. G.; Lauzon, J. D.
J-environ-qual v.23, p.267-272. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: trifolium-pratense; lolium-multiflorum;
raphanus-sativus; cover- crops; nitrate-nitrogen;
ammonium-nitrogen; phosphorus-; biomass-; leaching-;
runoff-water; water-quality; rain-; freezing-; leachates-;
drying-; temporal-variation; species-differences;
rainfall-intensity
Abstract: Cover crops, although they may reduce the leaching of
NO3-N to groundwater, may increase nutrient concentration in
runoff because of biomass leaching during rainfall events. A
simulated rainfall study was conducted in the laboratory to
determine the effects of freezing alone and freezing plus drying
treatments, loading rate, and rainfall intensity on the leaching
of NH4-N, NO3-N, and inorganic P from the biomass of red clover
(Trifolium pratense L.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum
L.), and oilseed radish [Raphanus sativus (L.) var. oleifera Dc
Metzg]. Concentration of P increased during early stages of
leaching, then decreased slowly but remained greater than 50% of
the maximum, even after the equivalent of 6.0 cm of simulated
rainfall. Concentrations of NO3-N were similar to P but changed
less during leaching. Weighted mean concentrations of P ranged
from less than 2.0 to more than 15 mg L-1. Concentrations were
greatest with oilseed radish and least with red clover. Drying
the sample in addition to freezing increased the P
concentration, particularly in the initial leaching. About 30%
of the biomass P was leached from oilseed radish and annual
ryegrass, but only about 20% from red clover. Because oilseed
radish had a greater biomass P concentration, the total P
leached was much greater than for the other two species. Between
5 and 9% of the biomass N was leached as either NO3-N or NH4-N
from ryegrass and red clover while over 10% was leached from
oilseed radish. The results indicate that cover crop species
differed markedly in their potential impact on nutrient
concentration, particularly P, in runoff. Of the three cover
crops tested, oilseed radish.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
*****************************************************************
82. Livestock manure management and water quality.
Wheeler, G.; Miller, A. E.
Fact-sheet-Max-C-Fleischmann-Coll-Agric,-Coop-Ext-Serv. [Reno,
Nev.] : The College,. 1993. (93-52) 4 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farmyard-manure; waste-disposal;
application-to-land; nutrient- availability; nutrient-content;
application-rates; chemical-analysis; water-quality;
water-pollution
NAL Call No.: S544.3.N3C66
*****************************************************************
83. Long-term effect of tillage and rainfall on herbicide
leaching to shallow groundwater.
Isensee, A. R.; Sadeghi, A. M.
Chemosphere v.30, p.671-685. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptors: atrazine-; alachlor-; cyanazine-;
herbicide-residues; leaching-; groundwater-pollution; rain-;
tillage-; no-tillage-; lateral-movement; groundwater-;
silt-loam-soils; maryland-; conventional-tillage;
confined-groundwater; unconfined-groundwater
NAL Call No.: TD172.C54
*****************************************************************
84. Managing agricultural phosphorus for protection of surface
waters: issues and options.
Sharpley, A. N.; Chapra, S. C.; Wedepohl, R.; Sims, J. T.;
Daniel, T. C.; Reddy, K. R.
J-environ-qual v.23, p.437-451. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: phosphorus-; pollution-; soil-management;
crop-management; losses- from-soil; eutrophication-; runoff-;
erosion-; soil-fertility; manures- ; pollution-control;
watershed-management; nonpoint-source-pollution
Abstract: The accelerated eutrophication of most freshwaters is
limited by P inputs. Nonpoint sources of P in agricultural
runoff now contribute a greater portion of freshwater inputs,
due to easier identification and recent control of point
sources. Although P management is an integral part of profitable
agrisystems, continued inputs of fertilizer and manure P in
excess of crop requirements have led to a build-up of soil P
levels, which are of environmental rather than agronomic concern,
particularly in areas of intensive crop and livestock production.
Thus, the main issues facing the establishment of economically
and environmentally sound P management systems are the
identification of soil P levels that are of environmental
concern; targeting specific controls for different water quality
objectives within watersheds; and balancing economic with
environmental values. In developing effective options, we have
brought together agricultural and limnological expertise to
prioritize watershed management practices and remedial
strategies to mitigate nonpoint-source impacts of agricultural P.
Options include runoff and erosion control and P-source
management, based on eutrophic rather than agronomic
considerations. Current soil test P methods may screen soils on
which the aquatic bioavailability of P should be estimated.
Landowner options to more efficiently utilize manure P include
basing application rates on soil vulnerability to P loss in
runoff, manure analysis, and programs encouraging manure
movement to a greater hectareage. Targeting source areas may be
achieved by use of indices to rank soil vulnerability to P loss
in runoff and lake sensitivity to P inputs.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
*****************************************************************
85. Manure and wastewater management systems for open lot dairy
operations.
Sweeten, J. M.; Wolfe, M. L.
Trans-ASAE v.37, p.1145-1154. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle-manure; dairy-effluent; dairy-wastes;
pollution-control; dairy-farming; dairies-; waste-treatment;
waste-water-treatment; anaerobic-treatment; texas-
Abstract: Dairy industry expansion using open lot designs has
impacted water quality and groundwater usage in parts of Central
Texas. Field research was conducted at commercial dairy farms in
Erath County, Texas, to develop improved design criteria for
storage, treatment, and land application systems for open lot
dairies. Water use and waste water from milking parlors were
monitored along with rainfall runoff from open lots. Water use
for milk sanitation and manure removal averaged 148 L per cow
per day. Two-stage anaerobic lagoon systems achieved higher
solids and nutrient removal efficiencies than a combination of
settling basin and one-stage anaerobic lagoons. The two-stage
anaerobic lagoon system with 81- to 118-day hydraulic retention
time reduced concentrations of volatile solids (VS), chemical
oxygen demand (COD), and total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) in dairy
wastewater from milking parlors by 80 to 82%, 90 to 93% and 55
to 73%, respectively. Solids settling basins reduced VS, COD,
and TKN concentrations in wastewater by 35 to 45%, 27 to 47%,
and 14 to 24%, respectively. As compared to second-stage lagoon
effluent, open lot runoff was higher in K, but similar in TKN
and P concentrations and contained a greater proportion affixed
solids. Analysis showed that anaerobic lagoon effluent and open
lot runoff were good sources of available plant nutrients.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
*****************************************************************
86. Marginal cost effectiveness analysis for agricultural
nonpoint source water quality control.
Walker, D. J.; Calkins, B. L.; Hamilton, J. R.
J-Soil-Water-Conserv v.48, p.368-372. (1993).
In the special edition: The next generation of U.S. agricultural
conservation policy. Paper presented at the conference "The Next
Generation of U.S. Agricultural Policy", March 14-16, Kansas
City, Missouri.
Descriptors: water-quality; water-pollution; pollution-control;
sediment-; marginal-analysis; cost-effectiveness-analysis;
farm-management; furrow- irrigation; return-flow;
best-management-practices
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822
*****************************************************************
87. Metamodels and nonpoint pollution policy in agriculture.
Bouzaher, A.; Lakshminarayan, P. G.; Cabe, R.; Carriquiry, A.;
Gassman, P. W.; Shogren, J. F.
Water-resour-res v.29, p.1579-1587. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: herbicides-; agricultural-chemicals; groundwater-;
surface-water; water-pollution; water-quality; simulation-models;
statistical-analysis
Abstract: Complex mathematical simulation models are generally
used for quantitative measurement of the fate of agricultural
chemicals in soil. But it is less efficient to use them directly
for regional water quality assessments because of the large
number of simulations required to cover the entire region and
because the entire set of simulation runs must be repeated for
each new policy. To make regional water quality impact
assessment on a timely basis, a simplified technique called
metamodeling is suggested. A metamodel summarizes the input-
output relationships in a complex simulation model designed to
mimic actual processes such as groundwater leaching. Metamodels
are constructed and validated to predict groundwater and surface
water concentrations of major corn and sorghum herbicides in the
Corn Belt and Lake States regions of the United States. The
usefulness of metamodeling in the evaluation of agricultural
nonpoint pollution policies is illustrated using an integrated
environmental economic modeling system. For the baseline
scenario, we estimate that 1.2% of the regional soils will lead
to groundwater detection of atrazine exceeding 0.12
micrograms/L, which compares well with the findings of an
Environmental Protection Agency monitoring survey. The results
suggest no-till practices could significantly reduce surface
water concentration and a water quality policy, such as an
atrazine ban, could increase soil erosion despite the
conservation compliance provisions.
NAL Call No.: 292.8-W295
*****************************************************************
88. Minimizing nitrate losses from arable soils.
Shepherd, M. A.; Davies, D. B.; Johnson, P. A.
Soil-use-manage v.9, p.94-99. (1993).
Paper presented at the National Agricultural Conference,
"Nitrogen management in a changing environment," January 29,
1992, Stoneleigh, Warwickshire.
Descriptors: arable-soils; nitrate-; losses-from-soil; leaching-;
pollution- control
Abstract: Recent experiments on soils overlying sand, chalk and
limestone aquifers have shown that nitrate leaching losses can
be decreased by modifying crop husbandry. Green cover during
winter, if established early enough, can reduce nitrate loss.
Cultivations can be timed to minimize leaching, and the
advantages of irrigation (increased nitrogen offtake and smaller
post-harvest soil mineral nitrogen residues) outweigh the
potential disadvantage of increased leaching risk during the
growing season. It is important not to over- fertilize crops.
Using these techniques within farm rotations has decreased
nitrate losses in small plot experiments. The next step is to
measure the effects on commercial farms where the scale of
operation might preclude the high level of husbandry that is
required for successful nitrogen management.
NAL Call No.: S590.S68
*****************************************************************
89. Modeling alternatives to reduce dairy farm and watershed
nonpoint source pollution.
Sugiharto, T.; McIntosh, T. H.; Uhrig, R. C.; Lardinois, J. J.
J-environ-qual v.23, p.18-24. (1994).
Technical Reports from the Symposium, "Minimizing Agricultural
Nonpoint-Source Impacts", November 2, 1992, Minneapolis,
Minnesota.
Descriptors: zea-mays; avena-sativa; medicago-sativa;
cropping-systems; tillage- ; no-tillage-; anhydrous-ammonia;
manures-; simulation-models; sediment- yield; phosphorus-;
yields-; watersheds-; dairy-farms; water-pollution; wisconsin-
Abstract: Management practices are available that may reduce
sediment or phosphorus (P) loading to streams draining
agricultural land. An evaluation of the long term effects of
implementing one or more of these practices is needed. We used
the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) and
Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) models to evaluate 20
management practices for sediment and P yields from 4 ha fields
in a 1272 ha watershed of dairy farms. Five crop sequences
[continuous corn (Zea mays L.) CC(OA)AAA, CC(OA)AAAA, CCC(OA)AAA,
and CCCAAA; 0, oat (Avena sativa L.); A, alfalfa (medicago
sativa L.)] combined with either fall moldboard plowing (mFMP),
chisel plow (mFCP), no-till (mNT), or no-till substituting
anhydrous ammonia for manure (aNT), were imposed on a
toposequence of three Alfisols. The normal sequence, 2 yr of
corn, oat/alfalfa seeding, 3 yr of alfalfa with fall application
of solid manure followed by moldboard plowing, CC(OA)AAA- mFMP,
served as reference. Scenarios were subjected to 42 yr of
simulated local climate. Scenarios with 43% or less row crop and
mNT on a 4% sloping soil reduced sediment yield from 24 to 47%,
at edge of field, but increased total P yield from 158 to 338%,
mostly as soluble P. The EPIC output parameters (soil loss ratio
[C] for June, erodibility [K], Manning's n, and SCS curve number
[CN]) served as inputs to the (AGNPS) model, a cell based single
rainfall event model that simulates runoff, sediment, and P
yields from a watershed. Crop sequences not exceeding 43% corn
and mFCP or aNT reduced watershed sediment yield 13 to 41%, but
increased total P yield by 44 to 113% as compared with
CC(OA)AAA-mFMP. Average annual costs were $11 ha-1 less.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
*****************************************************************
90. A modeling approach to evaluate best management practices.
Williams, R. D.; Nicks, A. D.
Water-sci-technol v.28, p.675-678. (1993).
Paper presented at the IAWQ First International Conference on
"Diffuse (Nonpoint) Pollution: Sources, Prevention, Impact,
Abatement." September 19-24, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: agricultural-land; crops-; river-water;
water-pollution; protection- ; soil-management; water-quality;
improvement-; models-; usa-; vegetative-filter-strips
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
*****************************************************************
91. Modeling linked watershed and lake processes for water
quality management decisions.
Summer, R. M.; Alonso, C. V.; Young, R. A.
J-Environ-Qual v.19, p.421-427. (1990).
Includes references.
Descriptors: watersheds-; lakes-; agricultural-land;
simulation-models; water- quality; sediment-; nitrogen-;
phosphorus-; chlorophyll-; wetlands-; watershed-management;
weather-; trends-; farming-systems;
agricultural-nonpoint-source-model-agnps; suspended-sediment;
best- management-practices
Abstract: A physically based modeling approach is used to link
watershed with lake processes and to simulate their responses to
land management and weather conditions. Components of the
watershed model, AGNPS (agricultural nonpoint-source model), are
hydrology, erosion, sediment transport, transport of nitrogen
and phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand. Using a cellular
structure, runoff, sediment, and chemical variables from the
watershed provide input to a take model. This one- dimensional
model of water bodies simulates temperature stratification,
mixing by wind, sedimentation, inflow density current, and algal
growth. Unsteady advection-diffusion equations characterize the
dynamics of suspended sediment, soluble and sediment-attached N
and P, and chlorophyll. This model, AGNPS-LAKE, is driven by
random generation of weather conditions on a daily basis.
Resulting impacts of alternative management plans are simulated
by changing agricultural practices and land use, thereby
modifying inflow characteristics to a lake. Modeling
capabilities are being tested on eutrophic lakes in Minnesota
for the purpose of simulating long-term trends and impacts of
best management practices.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
*****************************************************************
92. Modification of RZWQM for simulating subsurface drainage by
adding a tile flow component.
Singh, P.; Kanwar, R. S.
Trans-ASAE v.38, p.489-498. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptors: subsurface-drainage; water-quality; water-flow;
rain-; soil- properties; tillage-; simulation-models;
computer-simulation; performance-appraisals
Abstract: Fluctuating water table and subsurface drain flow
components were incorporated in the Root Zone Water Quality
Model (RZWQM) to enable the model to simulate subsurface drain
flows. Parameters in a modified model were calibrated using
observed subsurface drain flows for 1990. Model performance was
evaluated by predicting subsurface drain flows for 1991 and 1992
by using the calibrated parameters and comparing the predicted
drain flows with observed subsurface drain flows for the same
years. The modified RZWQM model, in general, showed a good
response to rainfall in terms of time of peak flows. However,
the modified RZWQM model overpredicted total tile flows by an
average of 13%, and the magnitudes of peak tile flows were
generally underpredicted Selected soil properties (bulk density,
macroporosity, and residue content) in the surface horizon were
changed to investigate tillage effects on tile flows using the
modified RZWQM. Four different tillage systems, chisel plow
(CP), moldboard plow (MB), no-tillage (NT), and ridge-tillage
(RT) , were considered. Predicted tillage effects on subsurface
drain flows were consistent with the observed effects (i.e.,
maximum tile flow for NT and minimum tile flow for MB).
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
*****************************************************************
93. The Moores Creek BMP effectiveness monitoring project.
Edwards, D. R.; Daniel, T. C.; Murdoch, J. F.; Vendrell, P. F.
Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of
Agricultural Engineers,. Summer 1993. (932085) 26 p.
Paper presented at the "1993 International Summer Meeting
sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, and
The Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering," June 20-23,
1993, Spokane, Washington.
Descriptors: poultry-manure; runoff-water; water-quality;
arkansas-
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P
*****************************************************************
94. Nitrate contamination of groundwater under irrigated coastal
plain soils.
Weil, R. R.; Weismiller, R. A.; Turner, R. S.
J-Environ-Qual v.19, p.441-448. (1990).
Includes references.
Descriptors: nitrate-nitrogen; groundwater-; coastal-plain-soils;
farmland-; leaching-; poultry-manure; nitrogen-fertilizers;
center-pivot- irrigation; precipitation-; soil-depth;
phosphates-; ammonium-nitrogen; chloride-; forests-;
groundwater-pollution; maryland-
Abstract: To develop best management practices (BMP) for
agricultural land to protect groundwater, data is needed on the
leaching of N from irrigated coastal plain soils treated with
Poultry manure. This study was conducted to determine the
vertical and seasonal patterns of NO3 leaching under such soils.
Four commercially farmed corn (Zea mays L.) fields were studied,
two receiving only fertilizer N (240 to 360 kg N ha-1 over a
2-yr period) and two with a continuing history of poultry manure
applications (25-29 Mg ha-1 over 2 yr). In each field, a
transect of four monitoring wells was installed 4 to 8 m deep (1
m below the seasonally low water table). Three additional wells
were installed in forestland adjacent to three of the fields.
Groundwater and soils (to 1.5-m depth) were periodically sampled
for analysis of NO3(-)N. Under the unmanured field, groundwater
concentrations averaged 15.1 mg L-1 during August through
November 1986, while the corresponding figure for the manured
fields was not significantly different at 18.3 mg L-1. Two
months after spreading manure in November and December, as much
as 104 mg NO3(-)N was measured in the groundwater under the
manured fields. From December 1986 through September 1987 the
groundwater under the manured fields had significantly higher
NO3(-)N concentrations than did that under the unmanured fields
(43.7 vs. 18.1 mg L-1, respectively). Only for one well site
with a buried A horizon did high Cl to NO3(-)N ratios and low
N)3(-)N concentrations indicate rapid denitrification. The
forestland groundwater always contained < 1 mg NO3(-)N L-1, and
high Cl to NO3(-)N ratios, suggesting that NO3 in the cropland
groundwater was lost after entering the forested areas, and that
forests may therefore protect waterways from subsurface N
contamination.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
*****************************************************************
95. Nitrate leaching in a udic haploboroll as influenced by
fertilization and legumes.
Campbell, C. A.; Lafond, G. P.; Zentner, R. P.; Jame, Y. W.
J-environ-qual v.23, p.195-201. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: nitrate-nitrogen; leaching-; triticum-aestivum;
rotations-; summer- fallow; fertilization-; medicago-sativa;
green-manures; soil-water; soil-testing; nitrogen-fertilizers;
application-rates; groundwater- pollution; udic-regimes;
saskatchewan-
Abstract: An ongoing 34-yr crop rotation experiment being
conducted on a heavy clay at Indian Head, SK, allowed a
snap-shot assessment to he made of the influence of
fertilization, legume green manure and legume- grass hay crops,
and frequency of cropping to monoculture hard red spring wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) on deep leaching of soil nitrate (NO3).
The results showed that NO3 leaching was greatest when summer
fallowing was most frequently employed. Although N fertilization
may increase NO3-N leached, using a soil test as a guide to
choosing fertilizer application rates and cropping annually will
minimize NO3 leaching. Further, we found that, although
deep-rooted forage crops such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
remove NO3 and water to a depth of 2.4 m, and because legumes
increase the N supplying power of the soil, considerable NO3
leaching can still occur under these systems. This is especially
true if legume plowdown is followed by a fallow period, because
during the fallow period, copious net N mineralization may occur
together with increased soil moisture storage. These results do
not imply that leaching is pervasive on the Canadian Prairies,
but they do confirm certain well-known principles: viz., that
NO3 leaching can be expected whenever conditions favor NO3
accumulation and water buildup in soil. Consequently, it is
important to keep the land cropped for a large proportion of the
time and to use fertilizers at moderate rates based on soil
tests.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
*****************************************************************
96. Nitrate leaching in dryland agroecosystems as influenced by
soil and climate gradients.
Evans, S. D.; Peterson, G. A.; Westfall, D. G.; McGee, E.
J-environ-qual v.23, p.999-1005. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: nitrate-nitrogen; leaching-; losses-from-soil;
agricultural-soils; evapotranspiration-; soil-water-content;
climatic-zones; site-factors; dry-farming; colorado-
Abstract: Farmers in dryland agriculture areas of the Central
Great Plains have characteristically practiced alternate
crop-fallow to stabilize yields. Large amounts of N released
soon after sodbreaking and more recent fertilizer additions may
have contributed to N movement below crop root zones. Improved
water conservation techniques during fallow periods increases
the possibility of NO3 leaching below root zones in modern-day
crop-fallow systems. Soil topography and water supply may affect
leaching potential. This study was conducted to test hypotheses
regarding landscape position effects and potential
evapotranspiration on depth of water and NO3 penetration. Three
sites in eastern Colorado with equal annual precipitation, but
with mean potential evapotranspiration varying from 1000 to 1900
mm yr-1 were evaluated. A soil catena was sampled at each site
to test landscape effects. All sites were previously managed
under tilled wheat-fallow systems for at least 50 yr. All summit
(upland) sites had higher water and NO3 contents below their
crop root zones than nearby native prairie sites. Soil water and
NO3 content of soil profiles to a depth of 9 m were not related
to slope position, but there was an inverse relationship between
water and NO3 content of soil profiles and potential
evapotranspiration. The total NO3-N in cultivated profiles below
the normal root zone of crops varied from 126 kg ha-1 at the
northern site to 47 kg ha-1 at the southern site. Although some
NO3 leaching had occurred, it did not appear to be a major
problem for any particular landscape position or climatic zone
on cultivated soils.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
*****************************************************************
97. Nitrate leaching to a shallow mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain
aquifer as influenced by conventional no-till and low-input
sustainable grain production systems.
Craig, J. P.; Weil, R. R.
Water-sci-technol v.28, p.691-700. (1993).
Paper presented at the IAWQ First International Conference on
"Diffuse (Nonpoint) Pollution: Sources, Prevention, Impact,
Abatement." September 19-24, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: nitrates-; leaching-; aquifers-; coastal-plains;
groundwater- pollution; pollution-control; cropping-systems;
grain-crops; no-tillage- ; sustainability-; maryland-
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
*****************************************************************
98. Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized soils: summary of
available data.
Eichner, M. J.
J-Environ-Qual v.19, p.272-280. (1990).
Literature review.
Descriptors: nitrous-oxide; emission-; atmosphere-; fertilizers-;
agricultural- soils; environmental-factors; crop-management;
soil-types; farming- systems; trends-; global-warming;
ozone-depletion; literature-reviews
Abstract: Direct measurements of fertilizer-derived N2O emission
data from 104 field experiments reported in agriculture and soil
science literature that were obtained between 1979 and 1987 were
summarized and used to estimate worldwide fertilizer-derived N2O
emissions. Although without statistical determination, there
appears to be a trend between emissions and type and quantity of
fertilizer applied; the available data does not indicate a trend
between emissions and a particular soil type or agriculture
system. Using the fraction of the N fertilizer evolved as N2O
and fertilizer consumption estimates for five fertilizer types,
0.1 to 1.0 Tg N2O-N (avg. 0.3; median 0.2) were estimated to be
released during the "sampling period". If these estimates are
doubled to account for emissions after the sampling period and
emissions from fertilizer lost in drainage water and
groundwater, the expected range would be 0.2 to 2.1 Tg N2O-N
(avg. 0.7; median 0.5) emitted into the atmosphere in 1984. The
magnitude of this estimate is in agreement with recent global
estimates. If 100 Tg N fertilizer are consumed worldwide in the
year 2000, the global release of fertilizer-derived emissions
into the atmosphere will probably not exceed 3 Tg N2O-N in the
year 2000. It is estimated that 23 to 315 Gg N2O-N were emitted
into the atmosphere from fields of cultivated leguminous crops
in 1986. Future research needs were suggested.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
*****************************************************************
99. Nonpoint source pollution impacts of alternative agricultural
management practice in Illinois: a simulation study.
Phillips, D. L.; Hardin, P. D.; Benson, V. W.; Baglio, J. V.
J-soil-water-conserv v.48, p.449-457. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: erosion-; carbon-; nutrient-balance; rotations-;
water-pollution; no-tillage-; alternative-farming;
innovation-adoption; simulation- models; zea-mays; glycine-max;
crop-yield; nitrogen-; phosphorus-; runoff-; illinois-;
erosion-productivity-impact-calculator-epic-simulation-model;
soil- carbon; nutrient-exports
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822
*****************************************************************
100. Nutrient and water management practices for sustainable
vegetable production in the Lake Apopka Basin.
Neal, C. A.; Hanlon, E. A.; White, J. M.; Cox, S.; Ferrer, A.
Environmentally sound agriculture proceedings of the second
conference 20-22 April 1994 / p.276-279. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: vegetable-growing; histosols-; management-;
water-management; phosphorus-; losses-from-soil; sustainability-;
projects-; water- quality; environmental-impact; florida-;
nutrient-management
NAL Call No.: S589.7.E57-1994
*****************************************************************
101. Nutrient concentrations in southern United States shallow
ground water and surface runoff.
Schreiber, J. D.
Proceedings of Industrial and Agricultural Impacts on the
Hydrologic Environment the Second USA/CIS Joint Conference on
Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology / USA/CIS Joint
Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology.
Alexandria, VA : Water Environment Federation, c1993.. p.
131-143.
Title on cover : Environmental impact of agricultural practices
and agrichemicals / edited by Y. Eckstein and A. Zaporozec.
Descriptors: glycine-max; triticum-aestivum; winter-; wheat-;
no-tillage-; minimum-tillage; watersheds-; groundwater-pollution;
surface-water; runoff-; nutrient-content; groundwater-level;
fragipans-; fertilizers-; application-methods; loess-soils;
nutrients-; losses-; mississippi-
NAL Call No.: GB652.U82-1993
*****************************************************************
102. Performance of on-site domestic wastewater renovation
systems specified for sites with shallow soils.
Mote, C. R.; Buchanan, J. R.; Ammons, J. T.
Appl-eng-agric v.11, p.437-447. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptors: waste-water; waste-water-treatment; soil-depth;
seepage-; macropore- flow; tillage-; literature-reviews;
water-quality; usa-; seepage-beds
Abstract: Observation of two on-site domestic wastewater
renovation systems indicate that a soil as shallow as 45 cm (18
in.) has considerable potential for renovating septic tank
effluent. However, system design determines, to a great extent,
the degree of renovation that occurs. Important design features
identified are wider seepage beds (or lower seepage bed loading
rates) than are currently specified by some established design
procedures, and a tilled soil layer beneath seepage- bed
aggregate. Wider seepage beds disperse water more completely
throughout a soil profile and promote more micro-pore flow.
Thorough tillage of soil beneath seepage beds disrupts macro
pore continuity and pro notes more flow in micro pores where the
resulting extended soil/wastewater contact promotes renovation.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
*****************************************************************
103. Pesticide contamination of groundwater in Virginia: BMP
impact assessment.
Mostaghimi, S.; McClellan, P. W.; Cooke, R. A.
Water-sci-technol v.28, p.379-387. (1993).
Paper presented at the IAWQ First International Conference on
"Diffuse (Nonpoint) Pollution: Sources, Prevention, Impact,
Abatement." September 19-24, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: groundwater-pollution; pesticides-; water-quality;
improvement-; watersheds-; monitoring-; systems-; agronomy-;
techniques-; wells-; virginia-; best-management-practices
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
*****************************************************************
104. Precision nutrient management--impact on the environment and
needs for the future.
Swader, F.; Woodward, M.
Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker. 1994.
v. 25 (7/8) p. 881-888.
Paper presented at the 1993 International Symposium on Soil
Testing and Plant Analysis: Precision Nutrient Management,
August 14-19, 1993, Olympia, Washington. Part 1.
Descriptors: water-quality; water-pollution; point-sources;
pollution-control; nutrients-; management-; application-to-land;
environmental-protection; profitability-; trends-; regulations-;
trends-; sustainability-; usa-; nutrient-loading;
nonpoint-source-pollution
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
*****************************************************************
105. Preliminary evaluation of effects of best management
practices in the Black Earth Creek, Wisconsin, priority
watershed.
Walker, J. F.; Graczyk, D. J.
Water-sci-technol v.28, p.539-548. (1993).
Paper presented at the IAWQ First International Conference on
"Diffuse (Nonpoint) Pollution: Sources, Prevention, Impact,
Abatement." September 19-24, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: watersheds-; water-quality; surface-water;
water-pollution; agricultural-land; runoff-; erosion-control;
soil-management; wisconsin-
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
*****************************************************************
106. Procedures for assessing the effectiveness of best
management practices in protecting water and stream quality
associated with managed forests.
National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream
Improvement (U.S.).
New York, N.Y. : National Council of the Paper Industry for Air
and Stream Improvement, [1988] 1 v. (various pagings) : ill.,
map.
Cover title.
Descriptors: Forest-management; Water-quality
NAL Call No.: TD899.P3N34-no.538
*****************************************************************
107. Profits and nitrate leaching under irrigated corn: a
simulation.
Miller, G. D.; Hanks, R. J.; Andersen, J. C.; Erkison, G. R.
Irrig-sci. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International. 1993. v. 13
(4) .
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; irrigated-stands; nitrate-; leaching-;
pollution-control; economic-impact; profits-; simulation-
Abstract: The economic impact of reducing the amount of nitrate
leached out of the root zone under irrigation in the arid West
was examined. The economic incentives of irrigation management
were evaluated under the assumptions of both profit-maximizing
and utility-maximizing (in reducing cost and effort expended in
irrigation) decision-making criteria. The results indicate that
there is a coincidence of interests of the farmer and the
environment provided some leaching occurred. If no leaching is
allowed, profit decreases markedly. Both behaviors result in
less nitrate leaching than less profitable or less utility
producing irrigating practices.
NAL Call No.: S612.I756
*****************************************************************
108. Reducing soil erosion and agricultural chemical losses with
conservation tillage.
Seta, A. K.; Blevins, R. L.; Frye, W. W.; Barfield, B. J.
J-environ-qual v.22, p.661-665. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: conservation-tillage; chiselling-; no-tillage-;
runoff-water; losses-from-soil; water-quality; nitrate-nitrogen;
ammonium-nitrogen; phosphates-; atrazine-; kentucky-
Abstract: As nonpoint source pollution of water becomes more
evident, more concern is being focused on the effects of
agricultural practices on water quality. This study evaluated
the effects of conventional tillage (CT), chisel-plow till