ISSN:1052-5378

Compiled By:
Mary V. Gold
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, Information Centers Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351

National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

Gold, Mary V.

Compost: application and use : January 1994-December 1996.

(Quick bibliography series ; 97-01)

1. Compost--Bibliography. I. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.97-01

Compost: Application and Use

1.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Adding value to composted manure.
Biocycle v.36(3): p.61-62. (1995 Mar.)
Descriptors: organic-fertilizers; composts; poultry-manure; granules; value-added; waste-utilization

2.
NAL Call No.: HD9484.C65P73-- 1994
Agricultural markets for compost and mulch : cost, benefits and policy recommendations.
Pratt, W. B.; Shireman, W. K. iii, 44p. (Global Futures; California Futures Foundation, Washington, DC; Sacramento, CA , [1994])
Cover title.
Descriptors: compost-united-states-marketing; compost-economic-aspects-united- states; wood-waste-as-mulch,-soil-conditioner,-etc-economic- aspects-united-states; wood-waste- as-mulch,-soil-conditioner,-etc-marketing

3.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Agronomic effectiveness of poultry manure composts.
Mahimairaja, S.; Bolan, N. S.; Hedley, M. J. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.26(11/12): p.1843-1861. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: brassica-oleracea-var -capitata; zea-mays; composts; poultry-manure; rock-phosphate; sulfur; urea; comparisons; crop-yield; nitrogen; use-efficiency; phosphorus; nutrient-uptake; recovery; nitrate; leaching; residual-effects; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate- nitrogen; movement-in-soil; sulfocomposts; phosphocomposts
Abstract: Two field experiments were conducted to examine the agronomic value of poultry manure composted in the presence of both phosphate rock (PR) and elemental sulphur (So) (sulphocompost) and PR alone (phosphocompost). Winter cabbage and summer maize were used as test crops. For the first season's winter cabbage, the phosphocompost and sulphocompost were approximately 12% and 60% as effective as urea and both composts were equally effective as urea for the second season's maize crop. The greater agronomic effectiveness of sulphocompost could be attributed to the improved nitrogen (N)-use efficiency increased PR dissolution and improved S nutrition. Distribution of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in the soil profile of field plots indicated greater potential for winter leaching of N from urea than poultry manure which could be the reason for the improved residual value of the manure reflected in summer maize yields. The results from the field experiments indicated that composting poultry manure with So and PR not only reduces environmental pollution associated with manure application, but also increases the agronomic effectiveness of manure.

4.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Ammonium bicarbonate-DTPA extraction of elements from waste-amended calcareous soil.
Hanlon, E. A.; Schaffer, B.; Ozores Hampton, M.; Bryan, H. H. Commun-soil-sci-plant- anal v.27(9/10): p.2321-2335. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: calcareous-soils; agricultural-soils; irrigated-soils; composts; sources; comparisons; refuse; sewage-sludge; yards; wastes; application- to-land; application-rates; soil- testing; chemical-composition; nutrient-content; heavy-metals; determination; extraction; ammonium- bicarbonate; chelating-agents; extractants; lycopersicon-esculentum; cucurbita- maxima; diethylenetriaminepentaacetic-acid; irrigation-rates; loading-rate
Abstract: Use of soil testing for both nutrient and heavy metal interpretations could prove to be a readily available tool for management of calcareous soils amended with solid waste products. The ammonium bicarbonate-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) [AB-DTPA] extractant was used in this study, based on its successful use in other calcareous regions, and existence of interpretations for both nutrients and selected heavy metals. In southern Florida, addition of large volumes of composted waste products to shallow agricultural soils formed from crushed Oolitic limestone appears to be a viable disposal alternative to rapidly expanding landfills or incineration. For two years, the effects of processed wastes (PW) on selected, AB-DTPA-extractable soil mineral element concentrations were determined for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch. Ex Lam.) grown with three different irrigation rates (3.78, 2.53, or 1.25 L/min). The PW composts were added at supplier-recommended rates for soil addition, resulting in a range of loading rates varying with source, with which the AB-DTPA extractant could be evaluated. The PW composts were: i) Agrisoil Compost (processed municipal garbage and yard clippings) applied at 48 Mg/ha, ii) Daorganite (processed sewage sludge) applied at 16 Mg/ha, and iii) Eweson Compost (processed municipal garbage and sewage sludge) applied at 24 Mg/ha, and iv) no PW (control). There were no significant interactions between irrigation and PW treatment or effects of irrigation treatment on any of the soil-extracted elements following either crop, with the exception of AB- DTPA-extractable copper (Cu) following squash in 1991. Treatment with Agrisoil resulted in the greatest increase in mineral element accumulation in the soil followed by Daorganite and Eweson sources for both crops during each year. Although there was variability among crops and years, mineral element concentrations, particularly manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and Cu, were generally higher in the Agrisoil-amended soil than in the other treatments. These observations could be traced to loading rates of individual elements. The lowest mineral element concentrations were in the non-amended soil. The results of this study indicate that nutrients and selected heavy metals can be monitored successfully using the AB-DTPA extractant. Accumulation of nutrients, including metals, in PW-amended soil was minimal when supplied to the soil at manufacturers' recommended rates, which were well below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's maximum loading rates.

5.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Antagonism of fungi and actinomycetes isolated from composted eucalyptus bark to Phytophthora drechsleri in a steamed and non-steamed composted eucalyptus bark-amended container medium.
Hardy, G. E.S.J.; Sivasithamparam, K. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(2): p.243-246. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: phytophthora-drechsleri; fungal-antagonists; streptomyces; deuteromycotina; isolation; bark-compost; eucalyptus; growing-media; container-grown-plants; biological-control; fungal-diseases; telopea-speciosissima; eucalyptus-calophylla

6.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Applying yard trimmings compost to Florida highways.
Henry, G.; Bush, D. Biocycle v.37(2): p.53-54. (1996 Feb.)
Descriptors: composts; yards; wastes; application-to-land; roadsides; florida

7.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Aqueous extracts of spent mushroom substrate for foliar disease control.
Yohalem, D. S.; Harris, R. F.; Andrews, J. H. Compost-sci-util v.2(4): p.67-74. (1994 Autumn)
Includes references.
Descriptors: mushroom-compost; extracts; malus-pumila; seedlings; venturia- inaequalis; conidia; spore-germination; sporulation; inhibition; biological-control

8.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Assessing the impact of composting yard trimmings.
Cole, M. A. Biocycle v.35(4): p.92-94, 96. (1994 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: litter-plant; yards; composts; composting; heavy-metals; nutrients; pesticides; pollutants; leaching; water-pollution; risk; assessment

9.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Assessment of the bacteriological quality of compost from a yard waste processing facility.
Meckes, M. C.; Rice, E. W.; Johnson, C. H.; Rock, S. Compost-sci-util v.3(3): p.6- 13. (1995 Summer)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; yards; litter-plant; quality; fecal-coliforms; coliform- bacteria; microbial-contamination; determination; assessment; tennessee; compost-quality

10.
NAL Call No.: SB435.5.A645
Banking on mulch.
Roley, W. H. Jr.; Hylton, M. Arbor-age v.14(2): p.35. (1994 Feb.)
Descriptors: mulches; composts; composting; arboriculture; waste-utilization

11.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Bark- and peat-amended spent mushroom compost for containerized culture of shrubs.
Chong, C.; Cline, R. A.; Rinker, D. L. HortScience v.29(7): p.781-784. (1994 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cotoneaster-dammeri; cornus-alba; forsythia-intermedia; weigela- florida; growing-media; mushroom-compost; container-grown-plants; pine-bark; peat; bark- compost; sand; shoots; dry-matter-accumulation
Abstract: Four deciduous ornamental shrubs ['Coral Beauty' cotoneaster (Cotoneaster dammeri C.K. Schneid); Tartarian dogwood (Corpus alba L.); 'Lynwood' forsythia (Forsythia X intermedia Zab.); 'Variegate' weigela (Weigela florida Bunge A.D.C.)] were grown in trickle-fertigated containers. There were eight media consisting of 25% or 50% sphagnum peat or composted pine bark, 25% sand, and the remainder one of two sources of spent mushroom compost; four media with 50% peat or bark mixed with 50% spent mushroom compost; and a control medium of 100% pine bark. Initially, higher than desirable salt levels in all compost-amended media were leached quickly (within 2 weeks of planting) and not detrimental to the species tested. Unlike cotoneaster, which showed no difference in growth (shoot dry weight) due to medium, dogwood, forsythia, and weigela grew significantly better in all compost-amended media than in the control. Growth of these three species was 20% greater in peat-based than in bark-based, compost-amended media. Dogwood and forsythia grew slightly more (+8%) with spent mushroom compost based primarily on straw-bedded horse manure than with one based on a blend of straw-bedded horse manure, wheat straw, and hay. The addition of sand (25%) to a mixture of 50% peat or bark and 25% spent compost produced a medium with minimal compaction.

12.
NAL Call No.: S589.7.E57- 1994
Beneficial uses of composts in Florida.
Smith, W. H. Environmentally sound agriculture proceedings of the second conference 20-22 April 1994 / p.247-253. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: refuse; composting; composts; waste-utilization; uses; florida

13.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Bioavailability of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn, from biosolids amended compost.
Warman, P. R.; Muizelaar, T.; Termeer, W. C. Compost-sci-util v.3(4): p.40-50. (1995 Autumn)
Paper presented at the 36th Rocky Mountain Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Compost held August 1994.
Descriptors: soil; composts; manures; sewage-sludge; mixtures; heavy-metals; bioavailability; beta-vulgaris; ion-uptake; growing-media; chemical- composition; correlation; phytotoxicity; soil; compost-growing-media

14.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Biodegradation of trichloroethylene in finished compost materials.
Watwood, M. E.; Sukesan, S. Compost-sci-util v.3(4): p.6-19. (1995 Autumn)
Includes references.
Descriptors: bioremediation; trichloroethylene; contaminants; biodegradation; composts; filters; enrichment; methane; propane; adsorption; microbial-activities; biofiltration

15.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Biological, chemical and physical properties of composted yard trimmings as indicators of maturity and plant disease suppression.
Grebus, M. E.; Watson, M. E.; Hoitink, H. A. J. Compost-sci-util. v. 2 (1): p. 57-71 (1994 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: yards; pruning; pruning-trash; composts; biology; physicochemical- properties; maturity; plant-diseases; suppression; pythium; rhizoctonia

16.
NAL Call No.: SB599.C8
Biological control of Botrytis-incited diseases and powdery mildews in greenhouse crops.
Elad, Y.; Malathrakis, N. E.; Dik, A. J. Crop-prot v.15(3): p.229-240. (1996 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: greenhouse-crops; botrytis-cinerea; sphaerotheca-fuliginea; erysiphales; plant-pathogenic-fungi; biological-control-agents; parasites; hyperparasitism; saprophytes; composts; plant-extracts; plant-disease-control; integrated-control; biological- control; literature-reviews; hyperparasitic-fungi
Abstract: The greenhouse environment is very conducive to several diseases, among which grey mould and powdery mildews are the most important ones. Currently, much attention is given worldwide to the biological and integrated means of control of these two diseases, yielding reports on many potential antagonists. The two diseases differ greatly with respect to their epidemiology and the physiology of the pathogens. Hence, different approaches to their biocontrol are adopted. Biocontrol of powdery mildews is mostly based on the application of hyperparasitic fungi. In order to achieve a high level of parasitism, the biocontrol agents need a low vapour pressure deficit (VPD), compared to the VPD needed for the development of powdery mildews. Therefore, measures are necessary to overcome this problem. On the other hand, biocontrol of the high humidity-promoted Botrytis cinerea, is mostly based on saprophytes. The efficacy of biocontrol agents and their survival are dependent on biotic and abiotic factors. So far, results obtained under commercial conditions are rather moderate, but even so there are biocontrol agents suitable for integration with other control measures in order to achieve a control level acceptable to growers. Formulations of biocontrol agents against B. cinerea and powdery mildews have already been released and registered in some countries. They are only moderately effective but are suitable for use in integrated control of the target diseases.

17.
NAL Call No.: SB433.T874
Biological controls: promising new tools for disease management.
Nelson, E. B. Turf-grass-trends p.1-4, 7-9. (1994 Jan.)
Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; fungal-diseases; biological-control; composts; soil- inoculation; enterobacter-cloacae; bacillus-subtilis; pseudomonas; fungal-antagonists

18.
NAL Call No.: 56.9-So3
Boron sorption by soil in the presence of composted organic matter.
Yermiyahu, U.; Keren, R. Soil-Sci-Soc-Am-j. [Madison, Wis.] Soil Science Society of America v.59 (2)p.405-409 (1995 Mar.-1995 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: boron; sorption; soil-organic-matter; composts; manures; alfisols;
mixtures; sorption-isotherms; soil-ph; mathematical-models
Abstract: Although the organic matter content in cultivated soil is relatively low, its presence may have a significant effect on B distribution between the solid and liquid phases in soils. This study was conducted to determine the influence of organic matter in soil on B sorption and to test a B sorption model for soil in the presence of organic matter. The study was conducted on a loess soil (Calcic Haploxeralf). Mature compost, produced from the solid fraction of separated straw-containing cattle manure, served as a simulation of organic matter. Boron sorption by soil-composted organic matter mixtures increased as the organic matter content increased. At low pH levels (below pH 8), the sorption isotherms were linear regardless of the composted organic matter content. At the higher pH range, however, a deviation from linearity was observed. This deviation, which increased with pH, was related to the surface concentration of occupied sorption sites. Sorption B data from batch experiments were compared with results computed according to fitted adsorption coefficients (maximum B sorption and affinity coefficients that related to the binding energy). The B sorption capacity of the mixture increased with the composted organic matter content. The agreement between calculated values and experimental results indicates that the sorption model can be used to predict B sorption by soil-organic matter mixtures.

19.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Broccoli growth, yield and level of aphid infestation in leguminous living mulches.
Costello, M. J. Biol-agric-hortic v.10(3): p.207-222. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: brassica-oleracea-var; botrytis; brevicoryne-brassicae; insect-control; cultural-control; live-mulches; trifolium-repens; trifolium-fragiferum; trifolium-pratense; lotus- corniculatus; crop-mixtures; cover-crops; intercropping; interspecific-competition; composts; organic-fertilizers; growth; crop-yield; infestation; leaves; water-content; leaf-area; nitrate- nitrogen; nitrogen-content; california; synthetic-fertilizers

20.
NAL Call No.: 100-Al1H
Broiler litter can enhance potted plant production.
Flynn, R. P.; Wood, C. W.; Guertal, E. A. Highlights-agr-res v.42(1): p.6-8. (1995 Spring)
Descriptors: lactuca-sativa; pot-plants; pot-culture; broilers; poultry-manure; refuse-compost; growing-media; nutrient-uptake; ph; yields

21.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Carbon mineralization in soils of different textures as affected by water-soluble organic carbon extracted from composted dairy manure.
Liang, B. C.; Gregorich, E. G.; Schnitzer, M.; Voroney, R. P. Biol-fertil-soils v.21(1/2): p.10-16. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: clay-soils; sandy-soils; loam-soils; carbon; mineralization; soil-flora; biological-activity-in-soil; composts; cattle-manure; soil-organic- matter; solubility; soil-organic- carbon-pools
Abstract: The water-soluble organic C in composted manure contains a portion of labile C which can stimulate soil microbial activity. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of water-soluble organic C extracted from composted dairy manure on C mineralization in soil with different textures. Three soils with textures varying from 3 to 54% clay were amended with 0 to 80 mg water-soluble organic C kg-1 soil extracted from a composted dairy manure and incubated for 16 weeks at 23 degrees C. The total amount of C mineralized was greater than the amount of C added in the three soils. Differences in mineralizable C with and without added water-soluble organic C were approximately 13-16 times, 4.8-8 times, and 7.5-8 times greater than the amount of C added to clay, loam, and sand soils, respectively. The results of this experiment suggest that immediately following composted manure applications, C mineralization rates increase, and that most of the C mineralized comes mainly from the indigenous soil organic C pool.

22.
NAL Call No.: QR100.M5
Changes in functional abilities of the microbial community during composting of manure.
Insam, H.; Amor, K.; Renner, M.; Crepaz, C. Microb-ecol v.31(1): p.77-87. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle-manure; composting; turning; frequency; microbial-flora; biomass-production; respiration; maturity; compost-maturity
Abstract: The objective of this study was (a) to detect changes of the functional abilities of the microflora during composting of manure as a result of windrow turning frequency and (b) to detect differences between distinct zones within the windrows. Biolog GN microtiter plates containing 95 different carbon sources were inoculated with diluted suspensions of compost material containing 15,000 microorganisms per well (120 microliter). We found a dramatic shift in functional microbial community structure during the 8-week composting process. The shift was more rapid when the compost windrows were turned. The substrate use pattern in the outer, well-aerated zone of the unturned windrow was similar to that of the turned windrows. Microbial biomass and respiration decreased more rapidly in the turned than in the unturned windrows, indicating a different pace of compost maturation. The data suggest that the Biolog assay may be a suitable approach to determine compost maturity.

23.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Characterization of compost leachate fractions using NMR spectroscopy.
Wershaw, R. L.; Llaguno, E. C.; Leenheer, J. A. Compost-sci-util v.3(3): p.47-52. (1995 Summer)
Paper presented at the symposium on the Biogeochemistry of Compost held August 1994 as part of the 36th Rocky Mountain Conference.
Descriptors: composts; leaves; hardwoods; leachates; characterization; organic- compounds; carbon; organic-acids; chemical-composition; soil- formation; minerals; surface- layers; organic-coatings; nuclear-magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy; dissolved-organic-carbon

24.
NAL Call No.: TD172.C54
Characterization of the humic material formed by composting of domestic and industrial biowastes. 1. HPLC of the cupric oxide oxidation products from humic acids.
Miikki, V.; Hanninen, K.; Knuutinen, J.; Hyotylanen, J.; Alen, R. Chemosphere v.29(12): p.2609-2618. (1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; sewage-sludge; activated-sludge; pulp-and-paper-industry; agricultural-wastes; solid-wastes; composting; humification; humic-acids; degradation; oxidation; copper; oxides; phenolic-compounds; hplc; pulp-mill-sludge

25.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Characterizing supermarket organics.
Michel, F. C.; Drew, S.; Reddy, C. A.; Forney, L.; Trondle, E. Biocycle v.36(1): p.68-70. (1995 Jan.)
Descriptors: organic-wastes; supermarkets; waste-utilization; composting; composts; quality

26.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Chemical, physical and microbiological considerations in recycling spent mushroom substrate.
Levanon, D.; Danai, O. Compost-sci-util v.31(1): p.72-79. (1995 Winter)
Paper presented at the Spent Mushroom Substrate Symposium held on March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Descriptors: mushroom-compost; agricultural-wastes; recycling; waste-utilization; uses; characterization

27.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Combining legumes and compost: a viable alternative for farmers in conversion to organic agriculture.
Astier, M.; Gersper, P. L.; Buchanan, M. Compost-sci-util v.2(1): p.80-87. (1994 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: brassica-oleracea-var-italica; organic-farming; conversion; poultry- manure; legumes; composts; ammonium-sulfate; crop-yield; california

28.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Commercial applications for compost biofilters.
Conrad, P. Biocycle v.36(10): p.57-58, 60. (1995 Oct.)
Descriptors: composts; industrial-applications; filters; runoff; storms; waste-utilization

29.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Community-level interactions control proliferation of Azospirillum brasilense Cd in microcosms.
Janzen, R. A.; McGill, W. B. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(2): p.189-196. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: azospirillum-brasilense; soil-bacteria; soil-fungi; phanerochaete- chrysosporium; trichoderma-harzianum; composts; microbial-flora; nitrogen-fixation; phosphorus; nutrient-uptake; hydroxyapatite; community-ecology; phospholipids; fatty-acid- esters; chemical-analysis; phosphorus-solubilization; compost-microflora; fatty-acid-methyl- esters
Abstract: We tested the hypothesis that community-level interactions, rather than the genetically-derived capability to fix N2 control proliferation, as monitored by phospholipid- linked fatty acid methyl ester (PL-FAME) analysis, of A. brasilense Cd in physicochemically- defined microcosms. In N2-fixation microcosms, microflora from compost or soil did not proliferate, either alone or in mixed cultures with A. brasilense Cd. In P- mobilization microcosms, the amount of 2-OH19:0, a biomarker for A. brasilense Cd, was generally higher in mixed cultures with compost microflora than in those with soil microflora. P mobilized from hydroxylapatite by A. brasilense was significantly less than that by compost microflora, but not different from that by soil microflora. Profiles of phospholipid-linked fatty acid methyl esters (PL-FAME) from cultures of compost microflora alone generally contained more 18:2(9c,12c), indicating a larger fungal component in the community, than did profiles from cultures of soil microflora alone. Cluster analysis of PL-FAME profiles confirmed that A. brasilense comprised a larger proportion of the community in mixed culture with compost microflora than with soil microflora. Our results in combination with the literature support our hypothesis; further research is warranted to refine PL-FAME analyses for monitoring soil microbial communities.

30.
NAL Call No.: 26-T754
Comparative quality of phosphocomposts and single superphosphate and response of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek).
Hajra, J. N.; Sinha, N. B.; Manna, M. C.; Islam, N.; Banerjee, N. C. Trop-agric v.71(2): p.147-149. (1994 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vigna-radiata; rice-straw; composts; phosphorus-fertilizers; crop- production; application-rates; crop-yield

31.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Comparative study on biowaste definition: effects on biowaste collection, composting process and compost quality.
Boelens, J.; Wilde, B. de.; Baere, L. de. Compost-sci-util v.4(1): p.60-72. (1996 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: waste-disposal; kitchen-waste; waste-paper; litter-plant; domestic- gardens; refuse; waste-utilization; composting; public-opinion; social-participation; composts;
quality; case-studies; belgium; landfill-diversion

32.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
Comparison of amendments and management practices for long-term reclamation of abandoned mine lands.
Pichtel, J. R.; Dick, W. A.; Sutton, P. J-environ-qual v.23(4): p.766-772. (1994 July-1994 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dactylis-glomerata; festuca-arundinacea; trifolium-hybridum; trifolium-repens; lotus-corniculatus; mine-spoil; mined-land; reclamation; sewage-sludge; fly- ash; composts; paper-mill-sludge; bark; topsoil; lime; ammonium-nitrate; superphosphate; potassium-fertilizers; soil-ph; nutrient-content; biomass-production; yields; grassland- management; ohio
Abstract: Abandoned mine lands containing pyritic spoil may become toxic due to production of sulfuric acid and subsequent high levels of heavy metals. A field study was initiated to compare the long-term (10 yr) effectiveness of digested municipal sewage sludge (224 Mg ha-1), powerplant fly ash (448 Mg ha-1), papermill sludge composted with either coarse or fine wood bark (67, 90, and 112 Mg ha-1), and limed topsoil (20-cm depth) in maintaining a grass-legume mixture on toxic abandoned mine spoil (initial pH 3.4). Management of reclaimed plots included an additional one-time application of N, P, and K according to soil test 1 yr after reclamation and annual cutting of vegetation that was either removed from the plot or left on the surface. Soil was sampled at depths of 0 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm, with the lower sample representing soil (except for the topsoil treatment) to which the amendments had not been mixed. These soil samples were analyzed for pH and plant nutrients. Dry matter production declined sharply after 3 yr and then recovered the last 2 yr due to favorable weather, although to only two- thirds of the initial levels. The topsoil and sewage sludge amendments maintained overall highest yields and highest percent vegetative cover (93 and 91%, respectively). Amended spoil experienced a gradual pH increase over the study period with the topsoil amendment exhibiting the highest pH (7.0) and fly ash the lowest pH (5.1) after 10 yr. The topsoil and sewage sludge amendments generally maintained the highest soil K, Ca, and Mg concentrations, while the sewage sludge and fly ash amendments had the highest P concentrations. pH values and P, K, Ca, and concentrations in the 0- to 10-cm soil horizon. time addition of lime and fertilizer did increase vegetative yields. We conclude that the papermill sludge and sewage sludge amendments were roughly equivalent to limed topsoil for the successful long-term reclamation of toxic mine spoil. The fly ash amendment was least successful due to its inability to provide pH and nutrient levels sufficient for the maintenance of good vegetative growth.

33.
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7-v.31-no.5- 6
A comparison of culture methods for the detection of Salmonella in wastewater sludge.
Hu, C. J.; Gibbs, R. A. Health-related water microbiology 1994 selected proceedings of the International Symposium (organised by the IAWQ Specialist Group on Health- related Water Microbiology as part of Water Quality International '94, 17th Biennial Conference of the International Association on Water Quality, held in Budapest, Hungary, 24-30 July 1994 .) 1st ed. p.303-306 (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: salmonella; detection; cell-culture; culture-media; sewage-sludge; composts; composted-sludge

34.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Comparison of phosphate-phosphorus and total phosphorus in DTPA extracts for assessing plant-available phosphorus in soilless potting media.
Handreck, K. A. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.27(9/10): p.2125-2135. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: growing-media; pine-bark; sand; phosphorus; nutrient-availability; determination; extraction; extractants; phosphates; nutrient-content; hakea; shoots; correlation; soilless-culture; phosphorus-fertilizers; nutrient-sources; comparisons; bone-meal; rock- phosphate; sewage- sludge; composts; nutrient-uptake; total-phosphorus-versus-phosphate- phosphorus-content
Abstract: Hakea francisiana and H. laurina were grown in soilless media based on pine bark, to which had been added one of the following phosphorus (P) sources: crushed bone, rock phosphate, calcined rock phosphate, sewage sludge, or sludge compost. Available P was assessed through extraction with unbuffered 2 mM DTPA. Similar regression equations between shoot P content and P in 2 mM DTPA extracts of the media at potting were obtained for both total P in the extract (determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry) and PO4-P. The difference
between them was small compared with the variation caused by different rates of dissolution of P the various sources during the growing period. Extractants give only an approximate guide to plant P uptake when the medium contains sources that slowly dissolve during the growing period. Nevertheless, the data indicate that, irrespective of P source, the maximum P concentration in a 2 mM DTPA extract (1:1.5 v/v) of the medium that is tolerated by P-sensitive plants is 3-4 mg/L. This is similar to the concentration found previously for superphosphate as the source of P.

35.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Comparison of some Turkish originated organic and inorganic substrates for tomato soilless culture.
Abak, K.; Celikel, G. Acta-hortic (366): p.423-427. (1994 Aug.)
Paper presented at the Second Symposium on Protected Cultivation of Solanacea in Mild Winter Climates, April 13-16, 1993, Adana, Turkey.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; greenhouses; soilless-culture; peat; mushroom-compost; tuff-soils; rockwool; substrates; crop-quality; crop- yield; plant-analysis; turkey

36.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Composition, use and legislation of spent mushroom substrate in the Netherlands.
Gerrits, J. P. G. Compost-sci-util v.2(3): p.24-30. (1994 Summer)
Paper presented at the Spent Mushroom Substrate symposium, March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Descriptors: mushroom-compost; chemical-composition; composting; phosphates; heavy-metals; waste-disposal; waste-utilization; animal-manures; legislation; netherlands

37.
NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5
Compositional changes in compost during composting and growth of Agaricus bisporus.
Iiyama, K.; Stone, B. A.; Macauley, B. J. Appl-environ-microbiol v.60(5): p.1538- 1546. (1994 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agaricus-bisporus; composting; mushroom-compost; chemical- composition; fractionation; cell-wall-components; polysaccharides; carbohydrate-metabolism; lignin; microbial-degradation
Abstract: Samples from conventional compost taken at various stages of composting and mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) growth were analyzed for changes in 80% ethanol and water extracts, monosaccharides in acid hydrolysates of polysaccharides, lignin concentration, and lignin structural features. Variable amounts of extraneous inorganic solids in the form of fine sandy particles were removed by sedimentation of the samples in a carbon tetrachloride-dibromomethane mixture. During composting, about two-thirds of the initial wall polysaccharides were consumed by compost microorganisms, and only 17% of the total polysaccharides were used during mushroom production. The relative lignin content of composts as measured by the acetyl bromide procedure increased, both during composting and mushroom growth, and the chemical structure of lignin was altered by condensation and oxidation reactions.

38.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Compositional changes in composts during composting and mushroom growth: comparison of conventional and environmentally controlled composts from commercial farms.
Iiyama, K.; Lam, T. B. T.; Stone, B. A.; Perrin, P. S.; Macauley, B. J. Compost-sci- util v.3(3): p.14-21. (1995 Summer)
Includes references.
Descriptors: mushroom-compost; composting; methodology; comparisons; environmental-control; chemical-composition; macronutrients; polysaccharides; lignin; structure; change; agaricus-bisporus; growth

39.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Compost dressing helps chile peppers.
Dickerson, G. W. Biocycle v.37(3): p.80, 82. (1996 Mar.)
Descriptors: capsicum-annuum; phytophthora; root-rots; plant-disease-control; cultural-control; composts; sewage-sludge; suppressive-soils

40.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Compost extract added to microcosms may simulate community-level controls on soil microorganisms involved in element cycling.
Janzen, R. A.; Cook, F. D.; McGill, W. B. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(2): p.181-188. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: soil-bacteria; azospirillum; bacillus; azospirillum-brasilense; sulfate- reducing-bacteria; composts; extracts; nitrogen-fixation; denitrification; sulfate; reduction; phosphorus; nutrient-uptake; phosphorus-solubilization
Abstract: Interactions among populations of soil microorganisms might alter soil microenvironments sufficiently to allow populations collectively to inhabit sites which individually they could not inhabit. We tested the hypothesis that soluble microbial products in soil microenvironments mediate commensalistic interactions among populations involved in N2- fixation, denitrification, sulfate reduction and P solubilization. We measured the growth of bacteria in microcosms amended with sterile compost extract. Of the 7 Azospirillum isolates tested, 3 fixed more N2 when amended with 50 micrograms compost extract-C ml-1 medium. Fixation of N2, by one isolate amended with NH4Cl or compost extract decreased with increasing concentrations (0.15-15 micrograms N ml-1 medium) of NH4Cl, but not with increasing concentration of compost extract. Optical density of cultures of Bacillus sp. increased 6-fold with addition of 11 micrograms compost extract-C ml-1 medium under denitrifying conditions. Adding 6 micrograms compost extract-C ml-1 medium stimulated the growth of all 10 sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures, and three did not grow without compost extract. Addition of 10 micrograms compost extract-C ml-1 medium, however, increased microbial-P in only one of the 10 cultures in P-limiting medium. This evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that exchange of growth factors among populations in microenvironments contributes to control of microorganisms involved in element cycling.

41.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Compost field trials in Ontario.
Gies, G. Biocycle v.36(11): p.41-42. (1995 Nov.)
Descriptors: zea-mays; glycine-max; composts; application-rates; timing; soil- fertility; growth; crop-yield; field-experimentation; ontario

42.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Compost pays off in the orchard.
Farrell, M. Biocycle v.37(10): p.40, 42. (1996 Oct.)
Descriptors: orchards; organic-farming; orchard-soils; composts; on-farm- processing; composting; oregon

43.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Compost pelletization eases end use in Nigeria.
John, N. M.; Adeoye, G. O.; Sridhar, M. K. C. Biocycle v.37(6): p.55-56. (1996 June)
Descriptors: composts; pelleting; poultry-manure; research-projects; nigeria

44.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.C2C3
Compost production and utilization: a growers' guide.
Van Horn, M. Leafl-Univ-Calif-Syst,-Div-Agric-Nat-Resour. (Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California) (21514): p.17 (1995 Oct.)
Descriptors: composts; composting; methodology; wastes; utilization; microbial- flora; carbon-nitrogen-ratio; calculation; nutrient-content; regulations; california

45.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Compost recycling of wood fiber waste produced by paper manufacture.
Line, M. A. Compost-sci-util v.31(1): p.39-45. (1995 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: waste-wood; fiber; waste-utilization; composting; sewage-sludge; ratios; composts; chemical-composition; heavy-metals; pinus-radiata; seedling-growth; shoots

46.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Compost replaces soil amendments at country club.
Guzman, R. Biocycle v.37(5): p.75-76. (1996 May)
Descriptors: composting; litter-plant; composts; residential-areas; clubs; private- organizations; california; yard-wastes

47.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
The compost story: from soil enrichment to pollution remediation.
Garland, G. A.; Grist, T. A.; Green, R. E. Biocycle v.36(10): p.53-56. (1995 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; waste-utilization; pollution-control; reclamation

48.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Compost use in wetland restoration.
Peot, C.; Thompson, D. Biocycle v.37(1): p.65-66. (1996 Jan.)
Descriptors: composts; sewage-sludge; yards; wastes; application-to-land; wetlands; reclamation; wetland-soils; yard-trimmings

49.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Compost valued highly on high value crops.
Logsdon, G. Biocycle v.36(8): p.65-67. (1995 Aug.)
Descriptors: composts; sewage-sludge; sewage-products; uses; nurseries; planting- stock

50.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Composting and evaluating a pulp and paper sludge for use as a soil amendment/mulch.
Campbell, A. G.; Zhang, X. G.; Tripepi, R. R. Compost-sci-util v.31(1): p.84-95. (1995 Winter)
Paper presented at the Spent Mushroom Substrate symposium, March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Descriptors: composting; paper-mill-sludge; waste-utilization; composts; characterization; age; moisture-content; ph; carbon-nitrogen-ratio; electrical-conductivity; lycopersicon-esculentum; populus; seed-germination;
growth; biomass; plant-height; compost-maturity; compost-age

51.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Composting and evaluation of racetrack manure, grass clippings and sewage sludge.
Warman, P. R.; Termeer, W. C. Bioresour-technol v.55(2): p.95-101. (1996 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: horse-manure; racehorses; grass-clippings; sewage-sludge; mixtures; composting; composts; leachates; chemical-composition; growing-media; macronutrients; trace- elements; heavy-metals; bioavailability; phytotoxicity; seed-germination; seedlings; growth
Abstract: Two experimental/demonstration composting operations were operated in 1993 and 1994. At one site, racetrack manure was composted by itself. At another site, composts were produced from mixtures of racetrack manure, grass clippings and sewage sludge on four specially constructed pads. These pads were lined with plastic to facilitate leachate collection in adjoining containment ditches. Different ratios of two types of sewage sludge or sludge and grass clippings were mixed with the racetrack manure and composted in temperature- monitored, passively aerated static piles; both types of sludge were composted with and without aeration pipes. Temperature profiles were developed and illustrated. All the mature compostsand the leachates from the first composting cycle were evaluated for various chemical and biological properties. The quality of the composts was assessed as soil amendments and fertilizers in several replicated plant growth experiments. The chemical analysis of the composts was very much related to the source of the feedstocks. The use of aeration pipes had little effect upon the temperature profiles or compost analysis. Leachate analysis proved that macro- and micronutrients were not lost in large quantities during the composting operation, although some concern must be addressed to nitrate leaching. Plant-growth experiments in the greenhouse showed that a combination of sewage sludge compost and peat outperformed 100% compost or the commercial potting mix. No major phytotoxic effects, however, were observed from the use of sewage sludge compost in germination and seedling growth trials.

52.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Composting food processing waste in the European economic community.
De Bertoldi, M. Compost-sci-util v.3(2): p.87-92. (1995 Spring)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; food-processing; food-wastes; waste-utilization; feasibility; microbial-activities; carbon; nitrogen; mineralization; ecology; composts; stability; european-communities; microbial-ecology; compost-maturity

53.
NAL Call No.: QR1.M562
Composting of goat dung with various additives for improved fertilizer capacity.
Agamuthu, P. World-j-microbiol-biotechnol v.10(2): p.194-198. (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; animal-manures;
composts; additives; pennisetum-purpureum; temperature; ph; moisture-content; water-holding- capacity

54.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Composting of salmon farm mortalities with passive aeration.
Liao, P. H.; Vizcarra, A. T.; Chen, A.; Lo, K. V. Compost-sci-util v.2(4): p.58-66. (1994 Autumn)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; composts; fish; aeration; volatile-fatty-acids; phenol; phytotoxicity; fish-composts

55.
NAL Call No.: S589.7.E57-1994
Composting of yard trimmings--processes and products.
Nordstedt, R. A.; Smith, W. H. Environmentally sound agriculture proceedings of the second conference 20-22 April 1994 / p.239-246. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: yards; wastes; composting; composts; mulches; waste-utilization; florida

56.
NAL Call No.: S631.F422
Control of nitrate pollution by application of controlled release fertilizer (CRF), compost and an optimized irrigation system.
Diez, J. A.; Caballero, R.; Bustos, A.; Roman, R.; Cartagena, M. C.; Vallejo, A. Fertil- res v.43(1/3): p.191-195. (1995)
Paper presented at the international symposium "Fertilizers and the Environment" held September 26-29, 1994, Salamanca, Spain.
Descriptors: alluvial-soils; agricultural-soils; irrigation-water; application-rates; nitrogen-fertilizers; slow-release-fertilizers; composts; urea; comparisons; nitrate; leaching; losses-from-soil; percolation; soil-solution; zea-mays; drainage; water-pollution; spain
Abstract: A nitrogenous controlled release fertilizer (Floranid 32) and a treatment of municipal organic waste compost were tested under two irrigation managements (conventional and ET-adjusted irrigation rates) with the aim of assessing risk of nitrate leaching to the aquifer. A check without N fertilizer was introduced. The experiment was carried out at La Poveda Field Station (30 km SE Madrid, Spain) in alluvial soils with water table depth at 4 m and under maize cropping. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, allocating 12 plots to each irrigation management. Although N fertilizer rate (150 kg ha-1) was reduced at half as related to a previous experiment, no difference in grain yields was observed. This result relates to a high content of soil-N. Floranid showed promising results in controlling N-leaching in comparison with urea that exhibited an accelerated rate of N release which finally determines low use of N by the plant and marked NO(3-) leaching. Treatment of municipal waste compost showed NO(3-) concentrations in the soil water solution of similar values as those of urea at 140 cm. ET-adjusted irrigation showed no drainage during the corn growing season and lower NO(3-) concentrations in the soil water solution which could indicate a general lower rate of N solubilization.

57.
NAL Call No.: 442.8-An72
Control of Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) pupae in compost.
Helyer, N. L.; Brobyn, P. J.; Richardson, P. N.; Edmondson, R. N. Ann-appl-biol v.127(3): p.405-412. (1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: frankliniella-occidentalis; pupae; composts; chemical-control; pesticides; biological-control; metarhizium-anisopliae; verticillium- lecanii; entomophilic- nematodes; heterorhabditis; steinernema; neoaplectana-feltiae; efficacy; soil-based-composts; heterorhabditis-megidis; steinernema-carpocapsae

58.
NAL Call No.: 10-J822
Controlled environment composting for mushroom cultivation: substrates based on wheat and barley straw and deep litter poultry manure.
Noble, R.; Gaze, R. H. J-agric-sci v.123(pt.1): p.71-79. (1994 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: mushrooms; crop-production; composting; mushroom-compost; barley-straw; wheat-straw; poultry-manure; crop-yield; temperature; chopping

59.
NAL Call No.: S631.F422
Cotton fertilization with composts of (sugarbeet) vinasse and agricultural residues.
Madejon, E.; Diaz, M. J.; Lopez, R.; Lozano, C.; Cabrera, F. Fertil-res v.43(1/3): p.179-182. (1995)
Paper presented at the international symposium "Fertilizers and the Environment" held September 26-29, 1994, Salamanca, Spain.
Descriptors: gossypium-hirsutum; organic-fertilizers; composts; sugarbeet; vinasse; agricultural-byproducts; residues; mixtures; composting; application-to-land; application-rates; crop-yield; crop-quality; fiber-quality; plant-composition; petioles; nitrate- nitrogen; nitrogen-content; compost-residue-mixtures; cocomposting
Abstract: A concentrated depotassified beet vinasse was mixed with each of ten solid agricultural residues. The ten mixtures were composted for 7 months. The composts obtained after this period were used to fertilize a cotton
crop. A mineral treatment was used for
comparison and a treatment without fertilization was used as control. The nitrate content of petiole determined before the first top dressing revealed significant differences between treatments. All treatments produced higher yields than the control. Analysis of fibre quality did not show significant differences between treatments.

60.
NAL Call No.: S541.5.L8L34
Cotton gin trash compost as a media component for production of bell pepper transplants.
Buckley, B.; Pee, K. C. LAES-mimeo-ser (88): p.46-47. (1994 Feb.)
In the series analytic: Vegetable research report--1993 / edited by R.P. Bracy.
Descriptors: cotton-gin-trash; composts; capsicum-annuum; peat; perlite; transplanting; louisiana

61.
NAL Call No.: S541.5.L8L34
Cotton gin trash compost as a media component for production of broccoli and cabbage transplants.
Buckley, B.; Pee, K. C. LAES-mimeo-ser (88): p.4-5. (1994 Feb.)
In the series analytic: Vegetable research report--1993 / edited by R.P. Bracy.
Descriptors: cotton-gin-trash; composts; brassica-oleracea-var; -italica; brassica- oleracea-var.-capitata; peat; perlite; growth; transplanting; louisiana

62.
NAL Call No.: S541.5.L8L34
Cotton gin trash compost as a media component for production of tomato transplants.
Buckley, B.; Pee, K. C. LAES-mimeo-ser (88): p.60-61. (1994 Feb.)
In the series analytic: Vegetable research report--1993 / edited by R.P. Bracy.
Descriptors: cotton-gin-trash; composts; lycopersicon-esculentum; transplanting; peat; perlite; louisiana

63.
NAL Call No.: SB435.5.A645
Creating a healthy root zone.
Downer, J.; Faber, B. A. Arbor-age v.14(8): p.8-10. (1994 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: trees; tending; composts; soil-amendments; mulches; organic-matter

64.
NAL Call No.: 56.9-So32
Crop production with mushroom compost.
Rhoads, F. M.; Olson, S. M. Proc-Soil-Crop-Sci-Soc-Fla. [S.l.] : Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida (54): p.53-57 (1995)
Meeting held September 21-23, 1994, Daytona Beach Shores, Florida.
Descriptors: zea-mays; lycopersicon-esculentum; cucurbita-pepo; phaseolus- vulgaris; pennisetum-americanum; mushroom-compost; application-rates; application-date; residual-effects; npk-fertilizers; nitrogen-fertilizers; crop-yield; nitrogen-content; phosphorus; potassium-nutrient-content; plant-composition; soil; soil-fertility; nutrient-availability; optimization; spent-mushroom-compost

65.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Cucumber cultivation on some wastes during their aerobic composting.
Kostov, O.; Tzvetkov, Y.; Kaloianova, N.; Cleemput, O. v. Bioresour-technol v.53(3): p.237-242. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cucumis-sativus; agricultural-wastes; composting; composts; growing-media; greenhouse-culture; waste-utilization
Abstract: Composting waste from vine branches, flax residues and grape prunings, husks and seeds was assessed as a technique to produce a medium for cucumber production under glasshouse conditions. The composts were treated with N, P, K, Cu, Mg, Fe and marble at the very beginning of the composting. During the growing period, the composts maintained a higher temperature in the root zone, a higher CO2 production and a higher microbial biomass C level than the manured soil. They also released nutrients in accordance with the plant demands. The nitrate concentration in fresh fruits was significantly lower in the compost treatments than in the manured soil. Fruit production on the composts started 10-12 days earlier and the compost treatments showed a significantly higher yield (six times higher for the first month and 48- 79% for the whole period). This simple technology had better economics than the use of manured soil.

66.
NAL Call No.: SB998.N4N4
Cultural practices improve crop tolerance to nematodes.
McSorley, R.; Gallaher, R. N. Nematropica v.25(1): p.53-60. (1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cucurbita-pepo; abelmoschus-esculentus; meloidogyne-incognita; paratrichodorus-minor; pratylenchus; criconemella; plant-parasitic- nematodes; composts; population-density; crop-establishment; crop-yield; cultural-control; nematode-control; efficacy; florida

67.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Cumulative effect of annual additions of MSW compost on the yield of field-grown tomatoes.
Maynard, A. A. Compost-sci-util v.3(2): p.47-54. (1995 Spring)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum;
composts; refuse; application-to-land; application-rates; residual-effects; crop-yield; yield- components; soil-ph; soil-organic-matter; nitrate-nitrogen; nitrogen-content; nutrient-availability; seasonal-variation; municipal-solid-waste-compost

68.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Cumulative effect of annual additions of undecomposed leaves and compost on the yield of field-grown peppers.
Maynard, A. A. Compost-sci-util v.4(2): p.81-88. (1996 Spring)
Includes references.
Descriptors: capsicum; spodosols; incepti-sols; leaves; composts; application-to- land; application-date; spring; autumn; crop-yield; yield- components; soil-ph; ammonium- nitrogen; nitrate-nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; calcium; magnesium; soil-organic-matter; decomposition; phenols; phytotoxicity; long-term-experiments; connecticut; undecomposed- versus-composted-leaves

69.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Cumulative effects of sludge compost on crop yields and soil properties.
Bevacqua, R. F.; Mellano, V. J. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.25(3/4): p.395-406. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: allium-cepa; lactuca-sativa; festuca-arundinacea; festuca-arundinacea; sewage-sludge; composts; application-rates; timing; spring; autumn; stand-establishment; crop- yield; plant-tissues; heavy-metals; soil; nutrient-content; soil-ph; salts-in-soil; soil-organic- matter; eucalyptus; litter-plant; growth; suppression

70.
NAL Call No.: S1.M57
Decentralized composting for a high-density nation.
Brinton, R. B.; Brinton, W. F. Jr. Small-farm-today v.11(5): p.48-49. (1994 Oct.)
Descriptors: composting; regionalization; utilization; composts; quality; germany

71.
NAL Call No.: RA1270.P35A1
Degradation of chloroneb, triadimefon, and vinclozolin in soil, thatch, and grass clippings.
Frederick, E. K.; Bischoff, M.; Throssell, C. S.; Turco, R. F. Bull-environ-contam- toxicol v.53(4): p.536-542. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: chloroneb; triadimefon; vinclozolin; fungicide-residues; degradation; soil; thatch; lawns-and-turf; grass-clippings; composts

72.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Demonstrating the use of compost.
Feinbaum, R. Biocycle v.37(1): p.76. (1996 Jan.)
Descriptors: gardening; organic-culture; composts; waste-utilization; gardens; educational-methods; england; demonstration-gardens

73.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Demonstration plant to compost food waste.
Gould, M.; Leege, P. Biocycle v.35(6): p.59. (1994 June)
Descriptors: food-wastes; composting; waste-utilization; korea-republic

74.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Developing markets for composted gin waste.
Truhett, C. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America v.1:p.609 (1994)
Meeting held January 5-8, San Diego, California.
Descriptors: cotton-gin-trash; cotton-waste; composts; waste-utilization; marketing-techniques

75.
NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Development of suppressiveness to disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani in soils amended with composted and noncomposted manure.
Voland, R. P.; Epstein, A. H. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society] v.78 (5): p.461-466 (1994 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: leguminosae; raphanus-sativus; rhizoctonia-solani; damping-off; plant-disease-control; cultural-control; suppressive-soils; cattle-manure; composts; straw; litter; urea; disease-resistance; incidence; yields; infestation; seedling-emergence; iowa; disease- severity; disease-incidence

76.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.D56--1994
Dioxins in biocompost. Dioxine im Biokompost : Veroffentlichung der Ergebnisse des Workshops "Neubildung von Dioxinen wahrend des Kompostierungsprozesses" am 17./18. Februar 1994 im Hessischen Umweltministerium, Wiesbaden und des Protokolls zum Fachgesprach "Bedeutung organischer Schadstoffe in Komposten hinsichtlich der Verwertung in Landwirtschaft und Gartenbau" am 28. Februar 1994 an der Landtechnik, Weihenstephan.
Fiedler, H. 124p. (Eco-Informa Press, Bayreuth, 1994)
Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: compost-congresses; dioxins-congresses; pollutants-congresses

77.
NAL Call No.: S631.F422
Dissolution of phosphate rock during the composting of poultry manure: an incubation experiment.
Mahimairaja, S.; Bolan, N. S.; Hedley, M. J. Fertil-res v.40(2): p.93-104. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; poultry-manure; rock-phosphate; mixtures; phosphorus; solubility; determination; amendments; calcium; sulfur; ph; composts; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate-nitrogen; nitrogen-content
Abstract: Dissolution of phosphate rocks (PRs) during composting with poultry manure was examined using a radioactive 32p labelled synthetic francolite and North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) through laboratory incubation experiments. Francolite or NCPR was mixed with different poultry manure composts at a rate equivalent to 5 mg P g-1 and the dissolution was measured after 60 and 120 days incubation by a sequential phosphorus (P) fractionation procedure. The use of 32p labelled francolite showed that in manure systems, PR dissolution can be measured more accurately from the increases in NaOH extractable P (deltaNaOH-P) than from the decreases in HCl extractable P (deltaHCl-P) in the PR treated manure over the control. The dissolution measurements showed that approximately 8 to 20% of francolite and 27% of NCPR dissolved during incubation with poultry manure composts in the presence of various amendments. Addition of elemental sulphur (S degrees) to the compost enhanced the dissolution of PRs. The results provide no evidence for the beneficial effect of protons (H+), produced during the nitrification of NH4+ in manure composts, on PR dissolution. The low level of dissolution of PR in poultry manure composts was attributed mainly to the high concentration (4.8 X 10(-2) mol L-1) of calcium (Ca2+) in manure solution.

78.
NAL Call No.: TD794.5.I56-- 1994
Down to earth composting of municipal green wastes. Down to earth composting.
Institute of Wastes Management (Great Britain). Scientific and Technical Committee. 34 p. (IWM Business Services, Northampton, England, 1994)
Cover title.
Descriptors: compost; recycling-waste,-etc; organic-wastes

79.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Economic feasibility of using composted manure on irrigated grain sorghum.
Williams, J. R.; Diebel, P. L.; Berends, P. T.; Schlegel, A. J. J-prod-agric v.7(3): p.323-327. (1994 July-1994 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sorghum-bicolor; irrigated-stands; animal-manures; composts; nitrogen-fertilizers; application-rates; crop-yield; economic-analysis; feasibility; costs; returns; kansas

80.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Effect of annual amendments of compost on nitrate leaching in nursery stock.
Maynard, A. A. Compost-sci-util v.2(3): p.54-55. (1994 Summer)
Paper presented at the Spent Mushroom Substrate symposium, March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Descriptors: refuse-compost; application-rates; nitrate-nitrogen; leaching; groundwater; water-quality; soil-amendments; waste-utilization

81.
NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5
Effect of compost on rhizosphere microflora of the tomato and on the incidence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.
Brito Alvarez, M. A. d.; Gagne, S.; Antoun, H. Appl-environ-microbiol v.61(1): p.194-199. (1995 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; soil-fungi; soil-bacteria; soil-flora; actinomycetales; rhizosphere; composts; iaa; biosynthesis; siderophores; drug-resistance; antibiotics; phosphates; fungal-antagonists; plant-pathogenic-fungi; phosphate- solubilization
Abstract: Four commercial composts were added to soil to study their effect on plant growth, total rhizosphere microflora, and incidence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere of tomato plants. Three of the compost treatments significantly improved plant growth, while one compost treatment significantly depressed it. Compost amendments caused only small variations in the total numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in the rhizosphere of tomato plants. A total of 709 bacteria were isolated from the four compost treatments and the soil control to determine the percentage of PGPR in each treatment. The PGPR tests measured antagonism to soilborne root pathogens, production of indoleacetic acid, cyanide, and siderophores, phosphate solubilization, and intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. Our results show that the addition of some composts to soil increased the incidence in the tomato rhizosphere of bacteria exhibiting
antagonism towards Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, Pythium ultimum, and Rhizoctonia solani. The antagonistic effects observed were associated with marked increases in the percentage of siderophore producers. No significant differences were observed in the percentage of cyanogens, whereas the percentages of phosphate solubilizers and indoleacetic acid producers were affected, respectively, by one and two compost treatments. Intrinsic resistance to antibiotics was only marginally different among the rhizobacterial populations. Our results suggest that compost may stimulate the proliferation of antagonists in the rhizosphere and confirm previous reports indicating that the use of composts in container media has the
potential to protect plants from soilborne root pathogens.

82.
NAL Call No.: SB599.C8
Effect of compost water extracts on grey mould (Botrytis cinerea).
Elad, Y.; Shtienberg, D. Crop-prot v.13(2): p.109-114. (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; capsicum-annuum; vitis-vinifera; botrytis- cinerea; plant-pathogenic-fungi; composts; extracts; chemical- composition; mineral-content; fungus-control; biological-control

83.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Effect of composting on short-term transformations in soil of 15N-labelled plant residues.
Crippa, L.; Zaccheo, P. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(2): p.247-250. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: soil-flora; biological-activity-in-soil; organic-amendments; lolium- perenne; plant-residues; composts; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate- nitrogen; ammonium-sulfate; mineralization; nitrogen; isotope-labeling; stable-isotopes

84.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Effect of different organic manures and garden waste compost on the nitrate dynamics in soil, N uptake and yield of winter wheat.
Berner, A.; Scherrer, D.; Niggli, U. Biol-agric-hortic v.11(1/4): p.289-300. (1995)
Paper presented at a workshop on Nitrate Leaching in Ecological Agriculture held October 1993, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; winter-wheat; farmyard-manure; composts; slurries;
nitrogen; nutrient-sources; npk-fertilizers; top-dressings; mineralization; nutrient-availability; nutrient-uptake; crop-growth-stage; nitrogen-content; soil-water; crop-yield; grain; dry-matter- accumulation; wheat-straw; growth-rate; switzerland; organic-versus-inorganic-fertilizers

85.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Effect of humic substances from vine-canes mature compost on tomato seedling growth.
Lulakis, M. D.; Petsas, S. I. Bioresour-technol v.54(2): p.179-182. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; vitis-vinifera; canes-and-rattans; sodium-humate; humic- acids; fulvic-acids; lycopersicon-esculentum; seedlings; shoots; roots- ; growth
Abstract: Humic substances extracted from vine-cane mature compost with a solution of 0.1 M Na4P2O7 plus 0.1 M NaOH and separated into humates (SH), humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acid according to their solubility in acid and alkaline solutions, were purified and tested for their effects on growth of tomato seedlings. The humic substances were beneficial to shoot- and root-growth at intermediate concentrations (100-300 ppm), but inhibitory at high concentrations 1000-2000 ppm). The beneficial effects of humic substances were highest for shoot development; the highest optimum range of concentration was with FA and the lowest with HA.

86.
NAL Call No.: 23-Au792
Effect of inoculating fungi into compost on growth of tomato and compost microflora.
Sivapalan, A.; Morgan, W. C.; Franz, P. R. Aust-j-exp-agric v.34(4): p.541-548. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; growth-rate; plant-height; dry-matter; weight; leaf-area; flowers; fruits; composts; growing-media; acremonium; chaetomium- globosum; gliocladium-roseum; trichoderma-hamatum; biological-control-agents; population- density; microbial- flora; acremonium-butyri; zygorrhynchus-moelleri

87.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Effect of peat moss-shrimp wastes compost on the growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on a loamy sand soil.
Hountin, J. A.; Karam, A.; Parent, L. E.; Isfan, D. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.26(19/20): p.3275-3289. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; sandy-soils; composts; peat; shrimps; fish-scrap; fertilizers; mixtures; application-rates; growth; plant-height; yield- components; plant- composition; nutrient-content; crop-yield; grain; straw; yields; organic-versus-inorganic- fertilizers
Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effect of peat moss-shrimp wastes compost on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown on a limed loamy sand soil. A control, four rates of compost applied alone and in combination with three rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) chemical fertilizer were evaluated. Applications of compost to limed soil substantially enhanced the growth of barley over the control. When considering all treatments, the main effect of compost rates on straw yield, numbers of tillers, plant height, and number of ears was more important than that of fertilizer. A significant interaction on barley growth parameter values was obtained with compost and fertilizer rates. A combination of moderate application of compost and fertilizer gave in some instances, more yield than compost or fertilizer applied alone. Nutrient content of barley increased with rate of compost applied to soil over the control. A significant relationship was found between soil organic carbon (C) and straw yield, number of tillers, plant height and number of ears whereas grain yield was correlated with soil total N. Results from this study indicate that peat moss- shrimp wastes compost could represent a potential means of renovating low fertility sand soils.

88.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
The effect of rock phosphate-enriched compost on the yield and phosphorus nutrition of rye grass.
Singh, C. P.; Amberger, A. Am-J-altern-agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. v.10(2): p.82-87 (1995 Spring)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lolium-perenne; calcareous-soils; clay-loam-soils; composts; mixtures; wheat-straw; rock-phosphate; nutrient-sources; comparisons; superphosphate; phosphorus; nutrient-availability; solubility; plant-nutrition; plant-composition; nutrient-content; dry-matter-accumulation; nutrient-uptake; mussoorie-rock-phosphate; hyper-rock-phosphate; soil-phosphorus-fractions
Abstract: We evaluated the effect of compost enriched with rock phosphate on the yield and phosphate nutrition of rye grass in a calcareous clay loam soil. Enriched compost was prepared by composting either Mussoorie rock phosphate (MP) or Hyper rock phosphate (HP) separately with wheat straw for up to 120 days. A significant amount of insoluble P was solubilized by both kinds of rock phosphates and converted to water soluble, organic, and formic acid soluble P fractions during composting. MP-enriched compost (MPEC) and HP-enriched compost (HPEC) contain 0.30% and 0.34% water soluble P2O5, 1.94% and 1.42% organic P2O5, 2.82% and 3.28% formic acid soluble P2O5, and 1.76% and 1.18% insoluble P2O5, respectively. In a greenhouse study, the yield of rye grass (three cuttings) with both enriched composts was not significantly different from that of single superphosphate fertilizer (SSP). Phosphorus fractions of soil before sowing and after harvesting the rye grass showed that fixation of P with native soil calcium was much higher with SSP than with enriched composts. No significant differences were observed between MRP and HRP.

89.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Effect of straw composting on the degradation and stabilization of chlorophenols in soil.
Benoit, P.; Barriuso, E. Compost-sci-util v.3(3): p.31-37. (1995 Summer)
Paper presented at the symposium on the Biogeochemistry of Compost held August 1994 as part of the 36th Rocky Mountain Conference.
Descriptors: polluted-soils; 2,4-dichlorophenol; chlorinated-hydrocarbons; pesticide-residues; immobilization; soil-organic-matter; wheat-straw; humification; composts;
biodegradation; transformation; soil-flora; biological-activity-in-soil; 4-chlorophenol; biological- transformation

90.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effect of volatile substances released from olive tree leave compost on the vegetative growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici.
Tavoularis, K.; Papadaki, A.; Manios, V. Acta-hortic (382): p.183-186. (1995 Feb.)
Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Soil and Substrate Infestation and Disinfestation, September 6-12, 1993, Leuven, Belgium.
Descriptors: composts; volatile-compounds; rhizoctonia-solani; fusarium- oxysporum-f; sp -lycopersici; plant-pathogenic-fungi; hyphae; growth; inhibition; fungus- control; biological-control; efficacy

91.
NAL Call No.: QL391.N4J62
Effect of yard waste compost on plant-parasitic nematode densities in vegetable crops.
McSorley, R.; Gallaher, R. N. J-nematol v.27(45): p.545-549. (1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; vigna-unguiculata; cucurbita-pepo; abelmoschus- esculentus; plant-parasitic-nematodes; composts; nematode-control; cultural- control; population-density; mulching; incorporation; crop-yield; florida
Abstract: The effects of yard-waste compost on densities of plant-parasitic nematodes were determined on four crops at two sites in north Florida. Separate experiments were conducted with sweet corn (Zea mays), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), yellow squash (Cucurbita pepo), and okra (Hibiscus esculentus). In each test, the design was a randomized complete block replicated four times and involving three treatments: 269 mt/ha yard-waste compost applied to the soil surface as a mulch, 269 mt/ha compost incorporated into the soil, and an unamended control. Final population densities of Criconemella spp. and Meloidogyne incognita were lower in plots receiving a compost treatment than in unamended control plots in only one of eight tests (P less than or equal to 0.05). Final densities of Paratrichodorus minor, Pratylenchus spp., and Xiphinema spp. were unaffected by compost treatment in all tests (P > 0.10). Vegetable yields were either unaffected by treatment or, in some tests, were lowest following the mulch treatment (P less than or equal to 0.10). Results indicate that the yard-waste compost used had little effect on densities of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with short- term (ca. 4 months) vegetable crops.

92.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Effects of compost stability on plant growth, microbiological parameters and nitrogen availability in media containing mixed garden-waste compost.
Keeling, A. A.; Griffths, B. S.; Ritz, K.; Myers, M. Bioresour-technol v.54(3): p.279-284. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: refuse; composts; agricultural-wastes; litter-plant; lolium-perenne; growth; nitrogen-metabolism; nitrogen; nutrient-availability; microbiology; age; stability; compost-age
Abstract: Garden waste was composted over a number of weeks in a windrow, and fumed regularly to maintain aerobic conditions. The physical parameters of the composting material were measured, and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of processing samples were removed and incorporated into growth media. Ryegrass was grown over 1 year and harvested regularly for measurement of dry matter and N content. In addition, compost samples were removed and the microfauna and total microbial biomass quantified. It was shown that the younger composts (1 and 2 week processing) gave higher dry matter and N yields. The young compost (1 week) contained significantly higher protozoan (especially ciliate) biomass than the older (4 week) compost, over the entire experimental period.

93.
NAL Call No.: SB952.B75I57-1995
Effects of composts on suppression of soil-borne plant diseases.
Millner, P. D.; Ringer, C. H. 1995 Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions / International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions p.22/1-22/2. (1995)
Meeting held on November 6-8, 1995, San Diego, California.
Descriptors: plant-pathogenic-fungi; soil-bacteria; plant-disease-control; cultural- methods;
composts; waste-utilization; low-input-agriculture; cultural- weed-control; vector-borne-diseases

94.
NAL Call No.: 442.8-An72
The effects of domestic compost upon the germination and emergence of barley and six arable weeds.
Ligneau, L. A. M.; Watt, T. A. Ann-appl-biol v.126(1): p.153-162. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; agrostis-stolonifera; avena-fatua; chenopodium- album; galium-aparine; poa-annua; stellaria-media; composts; leachates- ; seed-germination; seedling-emergence; depth; light; weed-control; household-composts

95.
NAL Call No.: TD172.A7
Effects of fertilizer on insecticides adsorption and biodegradation in crop soils.
Rouchard, J.; Thirion, A.; Wauters, A.; Steene, F. v. de.; Benoit, F.; Ceustermans, N.; Gillet, J.; Marchand, S.; Vanparys, L. Arch-environ-contam-toxicol. New York, Springer-Verlag v.31(1): p.98-106 (1996 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle-manure; pig-slurry; green-manures; crop-residues; composts; aldicarb; thiofanox; insecticides; adsorption; persistence; half-life; soil-organic-matter; beta- vulgaris; beta-vulgaris-var; -saccharifera; belgium; imidacloprid

96.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Effects of humic acids extracted from mined lignite or composted vegetable residues on plant growth and soil microbial populations.
Valdrighi, M. M.; Pera, A.; Scatena, S.; Agnolucci, M.; Vallini, G. Compost-sci- util v.31(1): p.30-38. (1995 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: humates; sources; comparisons; composts; vegetables; food-wastes; humus; cichorium-intybus; biomass-production; soil-flora; populations; biological-activity-in- soil; population-dynamics; green-composts

97.
NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Effects of municipal solid waste compost and trench depth on papaya (Carica papaya L.) yield and fruit quality.
Basso Figuera, C.; Schaffer, B.; Crane, J. H.; Colls, A. M.; Bryan, H. H. Proc-annu-meet- Fla-State-Hort-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society v.107:p.334-337 (1995 June)
Meeting held October 30-November 1, 1994, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: carica-papaya; solid-wastes; refuse; composts; waste-utilization; application-rates; soil-amendments; trenching; depth; crop-yield; precocity; fruiting; crop- quality; fruits

98.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Effects of turning frequency, leaves to grass mix ratio and windrow vs. pile configuration on the composting of yard trimmings.
Michel, F. C. Jr.; Forney, L. J.; Huang, A. J. F.; Drew, S.; Czuprenski, M.; Lindeberg, J. D.; Reddy, C. A. Compost-sci-util v.4(1): p.26-43. (1996 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; yards; wastes; litter-plant; leaves; grass-clippings; mixtures; ratios; windrows; mixing; frequency; composts; temperature; oxygen; concentration; ph; organic-matter; moisture-content; fatty-acids; volatile-compounds; bulk-density; stability; humification; nutrient-content; nutrient-availability; particle-size; distribution; seed-germination; indexes; compost-quality

99.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effects of various growing media on eggplant and pepper seedling quality.
Eltez, R. Z.; Gul, A.; Tuzel, Y. Acta-hortic (366): p.257-264. (1994 Aug.)
Paper presented at the Second Symposium on Protected Cultivation of Solanacea in Mild Winter Climates, April 13-16, 1993, Adana, Turkey.
Descriptors: solanum-melongena; capsicum; growing-media; seedlings; composts; turkey

100.
NAL Call No.: QR1.M562
Effects of water extracts of a composted manure-straw mixture on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea.
McQuilken, M. P.; Whipps, J. M.; Lynch, J. M. World-j-microbiol-biotechnol v.10(1): p.20-26. (1994 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: botrytis-cinerea; plant-pathogenic-fungi; composts; wheat-straw; extracts; incubation-duration; actinomycetales; bacteria; fungi; yeasts- ; efficacy; filtration; autoclaving; conidia; germination; inhibition; biological-control; plant-disease-control; filamentous-fungi

101.
NAL Call No.: SB1.J66
Efficacy of three nitrogen and phosphorus sources in container-grown azalea production.
Warren, S. L.; Bilderback, T. E.; Tyler, H. H. J-environ-hortic v.13(3): p.147-151. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rhododendron; container-grown-plants; slow-release-fertilizers; npk- fertilizers; top-dressings; composts; poultry-manure; effluents; leaching; nutrient-uptake; north- carolina

102.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Enriched zeolite as a substrate component in the production of pepper and tomato seedlings.
Markovic, V.; Takac, A.; Ilin, Z. Acta-hortic (396): p.321-328. (1995 Mar.)
Paper presented at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress on Hydroponics and Transplant Production, August 21-27, 1994, Kyoto, Japan.
Descriptors: capsicum-annuum; lycopersicon-esculentum; zeolites; composts; peat; mixtures; seedling-culture; container-grown-plants

103.
NAL Call No.: S592.17.A73A74
Enzymatic activities in a soil amended with organic wastes at semiarid field conditions.
Diaz Marcote, I.; Polo, A.; Ceccanti, B. Arid-soil-res-rehabil v.9(3): p.317-325. (1995 July-1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: soil-enzymes; enzyme-activity; semiarid-soils; hordeum-vulgare; composts; sewage-sludge; fertilizers; cattle-manure; crop-growth-stage

104.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
EPA streamlines biosolids management programs.
Goldstein, N. Biocycle v.36(7): p.58-60. (1995 July)
Descriptors: sewage-sludge; composts; waste-utilization; regulations; programs; public-agencies; environmental-protection-agency

105.
NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Establishment of an evergreen high density blueberry planting in southwest Florida.
Reeder, R. K.; Darnell, R. L.; Obreza, T. A. Proc-annu-meet-Fla-State-Hort-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society v.107: p.326-328 (1995 June)
Meeting held October 30-November 1, 1994, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: vaccinium; high-density-planting; crop-establishment; nitrogen- fertilizers; application-rates; dormancy; composts; solid-wastes; refuse; peat; soil-amendments; soil-fertility; soil-ph; growth-rate; plant-height; florida

106.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Estimation of phosphorus availability in composts and compost/peat mixtures by different extraction methods.
Alt, D.; Peters, I.; Fokken, H. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.25(11/12): p.2063- 2080. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dendranthema; phosphorus; nutrient-availability; determination; composts; peat; mixtures; testing; extraction; extractants; comparisons
Abstract: A trial was carried out with compost and compost/peat mixtures to test several extraction methods for the estimation of availability of phosphorus (P). The test plant was Dendranthema grandiflorum. All composts had a high pH and salt content. Amounts of P extracted by different extraction methods decreased in the order: Formate > CAL > NH4-acetate > CaCl2/DTPA > CaCl2. Dilution of compost with peat decreased pH and increased availability of P. The better availability of P caused by dilution with peat was not reflected by the Formate-, CAL-, and NH4-acetate method. These acid and well-buffered extraction solutions overestimate P, and are therefore not suited to estimate availability of P in composts and compost/peat mixtures. Weak extraction solutions, like CaCl2 and CaCl2/DTPA, gave results which showed a good correlation with P content of plants and P uptake. The advantage of the latter method compared with CaCl2 is the extraction of amounts of P comparable to amounts taken up by the plants. Therefore, of all the extraction methods tested, the CaCl2/DTPA method showed the best suitability to estimate the availability of P in composts and compost/peat mixtures.

107.
NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Evaluation of a yard waste compost as a potting medium amendment for production of potted Ageratum.
MacCubbin, T. J.; Henley, R. W. Proc-annu-meet-Fla-State-Hort-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society v.106:p.302-305 (1994 May)
Meeting held October 19-21, 1993, Miami Beach, Florida.
Descriptors: ageratum; growing-media; agricultural-wastes; peat; shading; growth; florida

108.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Evaluation of ammonium and soluble salts on grass sod production in compost. I. Addition of ammonium or nitrate salts.
O'Brien, T. A.; Barker, A. V. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.27(1/2): p.57-76. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lolium-perenne; seed-germination; seedling-growth; phytotoxicity; composts; growing-media; ammonium-sulfate; calcium-nitrate; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate- nitrogen; electrical-conductivity; salinity; stability; compost-maturity
Abstract: Inhibitions in seed germination and in plant growth in some composts have been associated with high concentrations of ammonium or soluble salts in the media. This experiment was conducted to determine changes in ammonium and soluble salts in fertilizer- amended compost with time and their impacts on plant growth. Turfgrass (Lolium perenne L.) was seeded into an ammonium-depleted municipal solid waste (MSW) or leaf composts or into MSW or leaf composts with 1,500 or 2,300 mg N/kg (dry weight) from (NH4)2SO4 or Ca(NO3)2 added to simulate immature composts. Seeding occurred on the day that the composts were treated and applied to flats. Ammonium-nitrogen (N) and nitrate-N concentrations and electrical conductivity were measured on the day of seeding and after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Germination or growth was assessed after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Ammonium-N in the compost declined with time, whereas nitrate-N and electrical conductivity initially increased then decreased with time. Ammonium-N from (NH4)2SO4 added to the compost declined by half within seven days, and as the compost ammonium-N declined, germination and growth of grass increased. Electrical conductivity indicated that initial soluble salt levels in the composts with 1,500 or 2,300 mg N/kg from Ca(NO3)2 were sufficient to inhibit seed germination and plant growth. In composts with 1,150 mg N/kg from Ca(NO3)2, germination and growth of grass improved after 14 days, whereas growth in composts with 2,300 mg N/kg from Ca(NO3)2 was inhibited for at least 28 days. Ammonium salts appear to be lost from the compost more rapidly than nitrate salts, which have a
prolonged inhibitory effect on germination and growth.

109.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Evaluation of ammonium and soluble salts on grass sod production in compost. II. Delaying seeding after compost application.
O'Brien, T. A.; Barker, A. V. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.27(1/2): p.77-85. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lolium-perenne; composts; growing-media; stability; ammonium- sulfate; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate-nitrogen; electrical-conductivity; ph; sowing-date; seed- germination; seedling-growth; inhibition; phytotoxicity; compost-maturity
Abstract: In some composts, seed germination and plant growth have been inhibited by high concentrations of ammonium or soluble salts. Ammonium and salt concentrations in media decrease with time after application to land or placement in containers for growth of plants. This study was conducted to determine if ammonium or soluble salt problems could be avoided by delaying seeding after compost application. Turfgrass (Lolium perenne L.) was seeded into municipal solid waste (MSW) compost depleted of ammonium during storage and into this compost with 1,150 or 2,300 mg ammonium-N/kg (dry weight) added from (NH4)2SO4. Seeding occurred on the day of compost application and after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days from application. Flats of composts were watered daily after seeding but were not watered before seeding. Ammonium-nitrogen (N) and nitrate-N concentrations, electrical conductivity, and pH of the compost were measured on each day of seeding. Ammonium-N, electrical conductivity, and pH for the compost declined, whereas the nitrate-N concentration increased with time. Delaying seeding for 14 days after compost application increased germination and clipping weights. By delaying seeding, ammonium and salt problems were minimized, apparently by the dissipation of the inhibitory factors by ammonia volatilization.

110.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Evaluation of chemical and non-chemical treatments for the control of ginseng replant disease.
Li, T. S. C. Acta-hortic (363): p.141-146. (1994 May)
Paper presented at the "Third International Symposium on Replant Problems," held July 20-23, 1993, Penticton, Canada.
Descriptors: panax-quinquefolius; replant-disease; seedling-emergence; plant- disease-control; enterobacter-aerogenes; dazomet; chemical-control; soil- sterilization; sewage- products; composts; organic-amendments;
salix; leaves

111.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Evaluation of farm plot conditions and effects of fish scrap compost on yield and mineral composition of field grown maize.
Brinton, Jr., W. F.; Seekins, M. D. Compost-sci-util v.2(1): p.10-16. (1994 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fish; composts; npk-fertilizers; zea-mays; crop-yield; plants; mineral- content; soil-analysis; maine

112.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Evaluation of field-applied fresh composts for production of sod crops.
O'Brien, T. A.; Barker, A. V. Compost-sci-util v.3(3): p.53-65. (1995 Summer)
Includes references.
Descriptors: gramineae; wild-flowers; crop-production; composts; sources; refuse; sewage-sludge; wood-chips; agricultural-wastes; leaves; npk- fertilizers; application-to-land; surface-layers; mulches; incorporation; stand-establishment; weed-control; cultural-control; dry- matter- accumulation; species-diversity; crop-quality; nitrogen-content; ammonium-nitrogen; electrical-conductivity; compost-maturity; sod-production

113.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Evaluation of fresh and year-old solid waste composts for production of wildflower and grass sods on plastic.
O'Brien, T.; Barker, A. V. Compost-sci-util v.3(4): p.69-77. (1995 Autumn)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; sources; refuse; agricultural-wastes; leaves; composting; age; evaluation; growing-media; grasses; wild-flowers; seed- germination; stand-establishment; biomass-production; flowering; sod-production; compost-quality; compost-maturity

114.
NAL Call No.: QH540.J6
Evaluation of nitrogen availability in irradiated sewage sludge, sludge compost and manure compost.
Wen, G.; Bates, T. E.; Voroney, R. P. J-environ-qual v.24(3): p.527-534. (May- June 1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sewage-sludge; composts; animal-manures; application-rates; gamma-radiation; nitrogen; ammonium-nitrogen; availability; lactuca- indica; petunia; phaseolus-vulgaris; crop-management; crop-production; crop-yield; ontario
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during 2 yr to determine plant availability of organic N from organic wastes, and effects of gamma irradiation on organic N availability in sewage sludge. The wastes investigated were: digested, dewatered sewage sludge (DSS), irradiated sewage sludge (DSS), irradiated, composted sewage sludge (DICSS), and composted livestock manure (CLM). The annual application rates were: 10, 20, 30, and 40 Mg solids ha-1. Fertilizer N was added to the control, to which no waste was applied, as well as to the waste applications to ensure approximately equal amounts of available N (110 kg N ha-1) for all treatments. Lettuce (Lactuca indica L.), petunias (Petunia X hybrida Vilm.), and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown in 1990 and two cuts of lettuce were harvested in 1991. Crop yields and plant N concentrations were measured. Assuming that crop N harvested/available N applied would be approximately equal for the control and the waste treatments, the N from organic fraction of the wastes, which is as available as that in fertilizer, was estimated. With petunia in 1990 and the combination of first and second cut of lettuce in 1991, the percentage ranged from 11.2 to 29.7 in nonirradiated sludge, 10.1 to 14.0 in irradiated sludge, 10.5 to 32.1 in sludge compost and 10.0 to 19.7 in manure compost. Most often, the highest values were obtained with the lowest application rates. Yields of petunia and N
concentrations in second cut lettuce in 1991 were lower with irradiated sludge than with nonirradiated sludge suggest that the availability of organic N in digested sludge may have been reduced after irradiation. Irradiation of sludge appears to have released NH4+-N. The.
availability of organic N, however, appears to have been reduced by irradiation by greater amount than the increase in NH4+-N.

115.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Evaluation of parameters related to chemical and agrobiological qualities of wheat- straw composts including different additives.
Blanco, M. J.; Almendros, G. Bioresour-technol v.51(2/3): p.125-134. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; wheat-straw; maturity; additives; organic-matter; phytotoxicity; lepidium-sativum; bioassays; seed-germination; crop-yield; lolium-rigidum; organic-additives; mineral-additives
Abstract: The chemical and agrobiological characteristics of 37 composts from wheat straw with different additives were evaluated through routine tests. In general, the plant yield under greenhouse conditions in soils amended with these composts was unrelated to data from the phytotoxicity germination biotest, but with the chemical parameters reflecting selective biopolymer degradation in straw. This suggests that factors such as microbial immobilization of nutrients had greater influence than phytotoxic inhibitor compounds in the plant yield of the soils amended with the composts studied. Monitoring the composition of the water-soluble fraction was also useful as regards crop yield of soils improved with compost. The factors potentially connected with the positive or depressive effect of composts in soil were assessed through factorial design experiments involving successive harvesting, calcium carbonates and mineral fertilization. In general, mineral fertilization may lead to decreased yields in soils to which immature composts are applied. The effects on compost maturity of the different by-products used as additives are discussed for the system studied.

116.
NAL Call No.: QR1.C78
Expression of intracellular enzymes during hyphal aggregate formation in a fruiting- impaired variant of Agaricus bisporus.
Hammond, J. B. W.; Burton, K. S. Curr-microbiol v.32(5): p.252-255. (1996 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agaricus-bisporus; mycelium; hyphae; glucose-6-phosphate- dehydrogenase; mannitol; oxidoreductases; hexokinase; enzyme-activity; growth; mushroom- compost; mannitol-dehydrogenase
Abstract: The specific activity and enzyme protein concentration of the developmentally regulated enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were measured in the developing aggregates and supporting mycelium of a fruiting-impaired variant strain of Agaricus bisporus. The nonregulated enzymes mannitol dehydrogenase (MD) and hexokinase (HK) were assayed for comparison. G6PD activity was higher in aggregates than in the mycelium, whereas MD and HK activities varied little between mycelium and aggregates. Enzyme protein levels varied in a way different from enzyme activity, suggesting the presence of inactive enzyme at times during development. The raised level of G6PD in aggregates provides a possible mechanism for the increased mannitol concentration previously observed in aggregates. There was no parallel to the rapid increase in G6PD activity associated with primordium development of normally fruiting strains growing on compost.

117.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Extractants for assessing plant-available phosphorus in soilless potting media.
Handreck, K. A. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.26(3/4): p.329-335. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: growing-media; pine-bark; sand; sewage-sludge; composts; rock- phosphate; bone-meal; aluminum-phosphate; iron-phosphates; phosphorus; extraction; extractants; nutrient-availability; nutrient-uptake; hakea; nutrient-content; mineral-content; hakea-leucoptera

118.
NAL Call No.: S661.N55-- 1994
A farmers' guide to Maryland compost regulations.
Nilsson, J.; Strahl, S. D.; Pickering Creek Environmental Center. iii, 12p. (Pickering Creek Environmental Center, Easton, Md. 1994)
Includes bibliographic references (p. 11-12).
Descriptors: compost-maryland; agricultural-wastes-environmental-aspects- maryland; nonpoint-source-pollution-maryland-prevention

119.
NAL Call No.: TD172.C54
Fate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in a simulated compost system.
Pennington, J. C.; Hayes, C. A.; Myers, K. F.; Ochman, M.; Gunnison, D.; Felt, D. R.; McCormick, E. F. Chemosphere v.30(3): p.429-438. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: explosives; organic-nitrogen-compounds; polluted-soils; composting; microbial-degradation; chemical-reactions; carbon; isotope- labeling; radionuclides; bioremediation; microbial-transformation; degradation-products; soil-decontamination;
rdx; hmx

120.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Feeding the lily.
Biocycle v.35(6): p.42. (1994 June)
Descriptors: lilium; agricultural-soils; sewage-sludge; litter-plant; composts; application-to-land; texas

121.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
A five year study on nitrate leaching under crops fertilised with mineral and organic fertilisers in lysimeters.
Leclerc, B.; Georges, P.; Cauwel, B.; Lairon, D. Biol-agric-hortic v.11(1/4): p.301- 308. (1995)
Paper presented at a workshop on Nitrate Leaching in Ecological Agriculture held October 1993, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Descriptors: crops; rotations; organic-fertilizers; composts; npk-fertilizers; nutrient-sources; nitrogen; losses-from-soil; leaching; nutrient-uptake; soil-fertility; france; organic-versus-inorganic-fertilizers; manure-compost; urban-compost; brushwood-compost

122.
NAL Call No.: QR100.F45
Flow cytometric detection of viable bacteria in compost.
Diaper, J. P.; Edwards, C. FEMS-microbiol-ecol v.14(3): p.213-220. (1994 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; bacillus-subtilis; genetic-engineering; detection; viability; flow-cytometry; genetically-engineered-microorganisms; compost-bacteria
Abstract: Flow cytometry employing several vital stains was used to study the colonisation of sterile compost by Bacillus subtilis 168 (pAB224). The dyes used included rhodamine 123 (Rh123), carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) and chemchrome B. The results demonstrated the ability of flow cytometry to detect and enumerate viable bacteria in filtered compost extracts. Flow cytometry was also used to detect and study the viability of an indigenous compost community. Although it was possible to detect a viable bacterial population, the numbers of viable bacteria estimated were significantly different to those estimated from cfu.

123.
NAL Call No.: TX341.E5
For a healthier earth, richer diet, try organic gardening.
Volain, N. Environ-nutr v.18(4): p.2. (1995 Apr.)
Descriptors: organic-foods; organic-farming; layout; composts

124.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Forecasting agrobiological properties of wheat straw with different additives-- multiple regression models including chemical parameters.
Blanco, M. J.; Almendros, G. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.26(15/16): p.2473- 2484. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; wheat-straw; quality; additives; comparisons; stability; chemical-properties; lolium-rigidum; yields; crop-growth-stage; compost-maturity; compost- quality
Abstract: The agrobiological properties of 37 composts prepared from wheat straw with a series of organic or mineral additives have been determined through standard chemical analyses and greenhouse experiments with soils of different carbonate content and in the presence, or absence of mineral fertilization. Plant yield on soils treated with the composts was studied in successive stages of development of rye grass (Lolium rigidum), showing significant differences that paralleled the values of a limited number of compost parameters. Under greenhouse conditions and in the presence of mineral supply, the least matured composts led to improved plant yield only in the early harvests, decreasing thereafter which points to a behavior typical for the microbial immobilization of the additional nutrients. The germination (phytotoxicity) index was found poorly correlated with the yield in the different soils, whereas the N and lignin contents provided the most significant information, the results suggesting no cause-to-effect relationship in such correlations. The multiple regression models showed significant differences as regards the system studied when the limiting influence of nitrogen (N) was reduced through additional fertilization. The most significant coefficients for the plant yield were those reflecting the total mineralization rates of the compost, the composition of the water- soluble fraction, and the concentration of lipids whereas, when no mineral solution was added, the yield was explained mainly by the N content in compost and in water-soluble products. In successive harvests, the significance level of the compost N level tended to increase, whereas that of lipid decreased, the former factor showing the greatest influence when carbonates are present in the soil.

125.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Forms and extractability of manganese in potting media.
Handreck, K. A. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.26(3/4): p.317-328. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: manganese; nutrient-availability; pine-bark; bark; composts; picea- sitchensis; pinus-radiata; peat; sawdust; rice-husks; extraction; mineral-uptake; ph; acidity; lycopersicon-esculentum; avena-sativa; extractable-manganese

126.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Germination and growth of plants in media containing unstable refuse-derived compost.
Keeling, A. A.; Paton, I. K.; Mullett, J. A. J. Soil-biol-biochem v.26(6): p.767-772. (1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: allium-cepa; brassica-oleracea; brassica-oleracea-var; -botrytis; lactuca-sativa; lepidium-sativum; lolium-perenne; lycopersicon-esculentum; composts; stability; growing-media; seed-germination; seedling-growth; phytotoxicity; refuse; municipal-solid- waste-composts
Abstract: Refuse-derived compost (RDC) was produced by mechanical separation of organic matter from domestic refuse followed by a thermophilic composting phase. Fresh (unstable) compost was used in a variety of plant growth trials. Addition of peat, sand or dolomite limestone substantially improved germination. Extended growth trials showed the slow-nutrient releasing properties of RDC. With ryegrass at 6 months growth, identical total yields were obtained with unamended RDC and 150 kg ml RDC in a sand-grit substrate. Phytotoxicity was confined to the low molecular weight (mol. wt) fraction, while the high mol. wt fraction possessed slight growth-stimulating properties.

127.
NAL Call No.: SB1.J66
Greenhouse rose production in media containing coal bottom ash.
Butler, S. H.; Bearce, B. C. J-environ-hortic v.13(4): p.160-164. (1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rosa; container-grown-plants; growing-media; soil; peat; bark; coal; ash; composts; byproducts; waste-utilization; crop-production; trace-elements; macronutrients; soil-physical-properties; industrial-byproducts

128.
NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734
Growing a market for biosolids compost.
Biocycle v.35(11): p.69-71. (1994 Nov.)
Descriptors: composts; sewage-sludge; marketing

129.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Growth and nutritional status of apple trees and grapevines in municipal solid- waste-amended soil.
Pinamonti, F.; Zorzi, G.; Gasperi, F.; Silvestri, S.; Stringari, G. Acta-hortic (383): p.313-321. (1995 Apr.)
In the series analytic: Mineral nutrition of deciduous fruit plants / edited by M. Tagliavini, G.H. Neilsen and P. Millard. 1993, Trento, Italy.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; vitis-vinifera; refuse-compost; mulching; soil-fertility; soil-organic-matter; nutrient-availability; phosphorus; potassium; porosity; nutrient-uptake; mineral-uptake; nutrient-content; mineral-content; orchard-soils; vineyard-soils; vigor; crop- yield; soil-water

130.
NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Growth and yields of bell pepper and winter squash grown with organic and living mulches.
Roe, N. E.; Stoffella, P. J.; Bryan, H. H. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.119(6): p.1193- 1199. (1994 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: capsicum-annuum; cucurbita-pepo; crop-production; live-mulches; stenotaphrum-secundatum; arachis-glabrata; organic-amendments; polyethylene; wood-chips; refuse-compost; sewage-sludge; refuse; crop-yield; application-rates; growth; soil-temperature; soil-chemistry; raised-beds; florida
Abstract: Increasing disposal problems with polyethylene (PL) mulch and greater availability of compost prompted an investigation into the effects of using compost as a mulch on horizontal raised bed surfaces with living mulches (LMs) on vertical surfaces. Wood chips (WC), sewage sludge-yard trimming (SY) compost, and municipal solid waste (MW) compost were applied at 224 t.ha-1 on bed surfaces. Sod strips of 'Jade' (JD) or 'Floratam' (FT) St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum Kuntze) or perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) (PP) or seeds of a small, seed-propagated forage peanut (Arachis sp.) (SP) were established on the vertical sides of the raised beds before transplanting bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) into the beds. Phytophthora capsici reduced pepper plant stand in PL-mulched plots compared with organic mulch (OM) and LM. Despite the stand reduction, total pepper yields were highest in PL plots and, in the OM plots, decreased in the order SY > MW > WC. Early fruit yields and yield per plant were highest from plants in PL plots followed by SY. Among LMs, plants in SP plots produced highest early yields and FT produced the lowest. Plants in PL plots produced the largest fruit. When the same plots were seeded with winter (butternut) squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), plant stands were higher in MW than WC and SY. Squash yields were similar between PL and OM plots.

131.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Growth of Rhododendron, Rudbeckia and Thujia and the leaching of nitrates as affected by the pH of potting media amended with biosolids compost.
Bugbee, G. J. Compost-sci-util v.4(1): p.53-59. (1996 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rhododendron; rudbeckia; thuja; growing-media; composts; sewage- sludge; yards; wastes; application-rates; ph; nitrogen-content; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate- nitrogen; leaching; nitrate; growth; dry-matter-accumulation

132.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Growth of Rudbeckia and leaching of nitrates in potting media amended with composted coffee processing residue, municipal solid waste and sewage sludge.
Bugbee, G. J. Compost-sci-util v.2(1): p.72-79. (1994 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rudbeckia-hirta; growth;
leaching; nitrates; growing-media; amendments; composts; coffee; processing; residues; solid-